Cartagena, España
El cortado es uno de los principales estreses postcosecha que experimentan los productos hortofrutícolas, especialmente durante su manipulación y procesado mínimo. Este daño mecánico supone un estrés abiótico que estimula el metabolismo secundario induciendo la síntesis de compuestos bioactivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue el estudio de la biosíntesis de compuestos fenólicos en subproductos citrícolas frente a diversos tipos de corte. Para ello, se utilizaron pieles de naranja y pomelo de la industria citrícola y se cortaron en trozos de 8,5×2 cm (CTRL), dados de 1×1 cm (D) o se rallaron con 0,25 cm de ancho (R). Se conservaron a 15 ºC y 65 % de humedad relativa y se analizaron a las 0, 8, 24 y 28 h los compuestos fenólicos totales (CFT) y la capacidad antioxidante total (CAT). Se observó que tras 24 h los CFT y la CAT disminuyó, por lo que se recomienda realizar el muestreo en las primeras 8 h para obtener un extracto enriquecido naturalmente en compuestos bioactivos. El estrés más severo por ralladura (
Wounding is one of the main postharvest stresses that horticultural products experiment, mainly during their handling and minimal processing. This mechanical damage represents abiotic stress that stimulates secondary metabolism and induces the synthesis of bioactive compounds. This research aims to evaluate the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in citrus by-products as a result of different wounding shapes. For that purpose, orange and grapefruit skins, obtained from citrus industry, were wounded into rectangular shape, 8,5×2 cm (CTRL); 1×1 cm dices (D), and 0,25 cm grated (R). They were kept at 15 ºC and at 65 % of relative humidity. Their total phenolic compounds (CFT) and total antioxidant capacity (CAT) were analyzed after 0, 8, 24 and 28 h. The results showed that CFT and CAT values decreased after 24 h, so it is recommended to sample byproducts between the first 8 hours after wounding to obtain a natural extract enriched in bioactive compounds. Grated (R), the most severe abiotic stress, is not an adequate technique to induce the synthesis of secondary metabolites and revalue these citrus skins, because it let full recovery of flavedo, but partial of albedo. On the contrary, rectangular and dice shapes (CTRL and D) completely recover flavedo and albedo. This is experimentally justified by the fact that CFT and CAT obtained from grated skin were ~50 and ~46 % lower. Differences between CTRL and D were just observed in CAT values. Total antioxidant capacity of CTRL was ~30 % higher. These results show that wounding shape of orange and grapefruit skin induces different accumulation of phytochemical compounds.
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