Estudio del sentido del humor: validación de un instrumento para medir el sentido del humor, análisis del cuestionario y su relación con el estrés
- Autores: Begoña Carbelo Baquero
- Directores de la Tesis: M. Pilar Lacasa Díaz (dir. tes.), Gema Martín Seoane (dir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universidad de Alcalá ( España ) en 2006
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Ángel Lázaro Martínez (presid.), Carmen Valero Garcés (secret.), María José Díaz-Aguado Jalón (voc.), José Álvarez Junco (voc.)
- Materias:
- Enlaces
- Tesis en acceso abierto en: e_Buah
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Dialnet Métricas: 14 Citas
- Resumen
- español
Introducción. El futuro inmediato en los estudios sobre el humor se enfoca hacia modelos experimentales y aplicacionales (Russell, 1996; 2000), que permitan una correcta evaluación de los efectos sobre la salud y el bienestar (Roeckelein, 2002; Reiss, Mobbs, Greicius, Eiman y Menon, 2003). La necesidad de contar con métodos de evaluación hace del desarrollo de cuestionarios una fuente de interés en la investigación de este constructo (Thorson y Powell, 1991; 1993; Thorson, Powell, Sarmay-Shuller y Hampes, 1997).
Objetivo general: verificar la adaptación de la Escala Multidimensional del Sentido del Humor (MSHS, Thorson y Powell, 1991) como instrumento válido y fiable para medir el sentido del humor. Esta investigación aporta al contexto de habla castellana, un instrumento de medida que permita evaluar el rasgo o el estado de humor, para contribuir al diseño de evaluación del humor. Muestra: 539 personas de los ámbitos educativo y sanitario.
Resultados: Los resultados no confirman la hipótesis planteada inicialmente de que el cuestionario se estructurara en torno a las cuatro dimensiones originales del cuestionario y se debe utilizar otro método de extracción que pueda ajustarse con más precisión al criterio de humor en nuestra cultura y concuerde con las descripciones realizadas en los apartados teóricos. La Escala Multidimensional del Sentido del Humor, MSHS, traducida y adaptada, muestran una puntuación media de 64,45 con una desviación típica de 11,83. Los resultados de alfa se encuentran entre .87 y .88 (estandarizado). Por otro lado, los resultados si apoyan la hipótesis planteada respecto a que el sentido del humor medido con la Escala Multidimensional del Sentido del Humor, MSHS, correlaciona negativa y significativamente con la variables estrés Profesional o Síndrome de Burnout medido con la Escala MBI de Maslach. Y finalmente, los resultados permiten apoyar parcialmente la hipótesis planteada en relación a las variables género y edad. Por un lado, no se encuentran diferencias significativas en relación al género y por otro, existen diferencias significativas entre los grupos de edad analizados.
Conclusiones. La escala para medir el Sentido del Humor es un instrumento válido y fiable para ser utilizado en nuestra cultura. La estructura del sentido del humor se ajusta a tres dimensiones que se describen como: 1º competencia o habilidad para utilizar el humor, 2º el humor como mecanismo de control de la situación, 3º la valoración social y actitudes hacia el humor. Existe una relación inversa humor-estrés. En esta muestra, el sentido del humor disminuye cuando aumenta la edad. La dimensionalidad del sentido del humor permite el diseño de actividades de intervención para optimizar el sentido del humor. Se abren líneas de investigación que permitan mejor comprensión del sentido del humor, sus dimensiones, sus componentes y comprobar experimentalmente la eficacia de intervenciones sobre el sentido del humor de las personas de diferentes grupos sociales.
- English
Introduction: Humour is a rich and fascinating topic of study with great research potential, as it has been relatively unexplored by science. Current research suggests wide avenues of analysis, applications and uses –therapeutic, educational and social. Positive psychology, the new current within psychology developed by M. Seligman, considers the sense of humour as one of the human strengths, and this has stimulated a great deal of scientific interest in this topic.
Methodology: The general aim of this research project is to verify if the adaptation of the Multidimensional Sense of Humour Scale (MSHS, Thorson y Powell, 1991) is a valid and trustworthy scale for measuring sense of humour. From this perspective, a secondary aim is to contribute to the design of evaluations of humour in order to verify the success of intervention programs related to Sense of Humour within the Regional Community of Madrid, mainly within health and educational contexts. In the process of translating and adapting the questionnaire, a sample of 539 people was used, belonging to educational and health environments. In relation to the objective of validating the questionnaire, 81 subjects from the general sample were selected, all of which are health professionals, those most exposed to professional stress, who work at a general hospital of the Regional Community of Madrid.
Results: The results do not confirm the initial hypothesis that the questionnaire should be structured on the basis of the four original dimensions of the questionnaire. A different survey method must be used that is adapted more precisely to the criteria of humour in our culture and that fits with the descriptions made in the theoretical sections. In the end, Sense of Humour in our culture will be structured along three dimensions. The Multidimensional Sense of Humour Scale, MSHS, translated and adapted, shows an average score of 64,45, with a standard deviation of 11,83. The Alpha Level is between .87 and .88 (standardized). On the other hand, the results do support the hypothesis that average sense of humour as measured by the Multidimensional Sense of Humour Scale, MSHS, is negatively and significantly correlated with the variable of Professional Stress or Burnout Syndrome as measured by the Maslach MBI Scale. Finally, the results partially support the hypotheses related to gender and age variables. On the one hand there are no significant gender differences, but on the other, significant differences were found between the age groups analysed.
Conclusions: According to the results obtained, the adapted Multidimensional Sense of Humour Scale is a faithful and valid scale that allows the researcher to measure sense of humour as a personality trait. The characteristics of the sample studied can explain that the dimensional structure consists of three dimensions described as:
1. Competency or ability in using humour.
2. Humour as a mechanism for controlling the situation.
3. Social value and attitudes towards humour.
Humour, according to the Multidimensional Sense of Humour Scale and in this sample, is inversely related with Emotional Fatigue and with Depersonalization measures from the (Maslach Burnout Inventory), supporting the divergent validity of the scale, and is positively related with Personal Realization, supporting its convergent validity. According to the characteristics of the sample, there were no significant gender differences in sense of humour. Members of the sample who were 60 years of age or older scored significantly lower than other age groups. The dimensionality of the sense of humour shown by the three factors of the scale adapted for this study allow for the design of intervention activities aimed at optimizing the sense of humour. Research lines need to be established that allow for an improved comprehension of the sense of humour and its dimensions, as well as a deeper understanding of the components of humour.
- español
