La competencia lectora, una destreza que desempeña un papel importante no sólo en el contexto de la enseñanza de idiomas, sino también en la sociedad como puerta de entrada a un mundo cada vez más globalizado, ha venido recibiendo una atención creciente en la bibliografía sobre el aprendizaje de segundas lenguas o lenguas extranjeras por si la intervención en el aula puede conducir a una mejora de la capacidad didáctica del profesor y redundar en un mejor rendimiento lector de los alumnos. Esta investigación se basa en una investigación-acción, con un enfoque mixto, permitiendo el estudio del constructo desde diversas perspectivas. Este enfoque, que implica el uso de cuestionarios, diarios de los participantes y del profesor y entrevistas semiestructuradas, superó las debilidades de las encuestas de autoevaluación como único instrumento para evaluar el complejo constructo de la lectura.
Fueron dieciséis estudiantes de tercer curso (con el español como Lengua C), matriculados en el programa de Grado en Traducción del Instituto de Idiomas de Ghana, los que participaron voluntariamente en el estudio. La investigación preliminar sobre el nivel de lectura en español de los estudiantes mostró que los participantes estaban muy motivados y poseían amplios conocimientos metacognitivos en el aprendizaje de lenguas, pero no eran eficaces a la hora de aplicarlos en la lengua meta. Sobre la base de los resultados iniciales, se desarrolló una intervención estratégica que constaba de 9 estrategias seleccionadas de la bibliografía relevante. La intervención se realizó durante un semestre de 12 semanas.
Reading competence, a skill that plays a fundamental role not only in the language classroom but also in society as a gateway to the increasingly globalized world has received increased attention in the literature on second or foreign language learning as to whether a classroom intervention can lead to an improvement in the teacher's teaching ability and enhance students' reading performance. This action research, with a mixed-method approach, which allowed the construct to be studied from various perspectives, involved the use of questionnaires, participant and teacher diaries, and semi-structured interviews to overcome the weaknesses of self-report surveys as the sole instrument for assessing the complex construct of reading. Sixteen third-year students (with Spanish as Language C) enrolled in the Bachelor of Arts in Translation program at the Ghana Institute of Languages voluntarily participated in the study. A preliminary investigation into the students' Spanish reading level showed that they were highly motivated and possessed rich metacognitive language learning skills but were ineffective in applying them in the target language. Based on the initial results, a strategic intervention consisting of 9 strategies selected from the relevant literature was developed and implemented over a 12-week semester. The findings from both the quantitative and qualitative data are significant, demonstrating that students were able to effectively utilize their metacognitive knowledge, developed in learning other languages, and transfer it to reading in the target language, Spanish. This not only improved their attitudes and motivations towards reading in Spanish but also enhanced their coping mechanisms with unfamiliar vocabulary during reading, across all the languages they were learning. Moreover, the students' reading comprehension performance improved and they continued to use the strategy even one year after the intervention. These results contribute significantly to the understanding of the application of strategy intervention in L2 reading, providing valuable insights for L2 reading pedagogy and future research.
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