This is the first book of the Online Hate Speech Trilogy. It focuses on the relationship between disinformation, political polarisation, and virtual attacks involving toxic language. These phenomena are much more complex than they may initially appear, and they are strongly interrelated with each other in the algorithmic society. The authors analyse the deep origins of hate speech and its manifestations online. They highlight attacks against the LGBTQ+ community in Europe, journalists in Asia, and black politicians in Latin America. Additionally, these researchers examine the crucial role of fact-checking agencies in confronting toxic language and combating hate speech.
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Politics, journalism and hate speech in Pakistan
Imran ul Haq, Shabir Hussain, Jamal ud Din, Enrique Javier Díez Gutiérrez, María Verdeja, Eva Palomo Cermeño
págs. 155-176
Fact-checking on Twitter in the face of fake news: combating hate speech on social networks
Enrique Javier Díez Gutiérrez, María Verdeja Muñiz, Eva Palomo Cermeño
págs. 177-204
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