Preparación y activación de fibras a partir de breas de aceite de antraceno

• Autores: Noel Díez Nogués
• Directores de la Tesis: Patricia Alvarez Rodríguez (dir. tes.), Marcos José Granda Ferreira (dir. tes.)
• Lectura: En la Universidad de Oviedo ( España ) en 2013
• Idioma: español
• Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Antonio Argüelles Amado (presid.), Diego Cazorla Amorós (secret.), José Rodríguez Mirasol (voc.)
• Materias:
  • Física
    • Física del estado sólido
  • Ciencias tecnológicas
    • Tecnología textil
      • Hilado
    • Procesos tecnológicos
      • Absorción
• Enlaces
  • Tesis en acceso abierto en:  Digital CSIC  RUO  TESEO 
• Resumen

  • [EN] This work deals with the preparation of carbon fibers and activated fibers from a novel precursor (i.e. anthracene oil-based pitches). A detailed characterization of the pitches has revealed their suitability for spinning without any pre-treatment. The pitches were successfully spun into fibers by means of a melt-spinning process and the operational parameters were optimized in accordance with the characteristics of the pitch and the possibilities of the equipment. Stabilization and carbonization of the fibers was optimized in order to reduce the time required to produce them and to enhance their mechanical properties. Highly microporous anthracene oil-based activated carbon fibers were prepared by chemical activation, and the effect of different experimental parameters (i.e., type and amount of activating agent and temperature) on porosity was studied. The direct activation of stabilized (not carbonized) fibers has also been described for the first time and the advantages of this new methodology over the classic activation of carbonized fibers have been highlighted. Mesoporous fibers were also successfully prepared by the catalytic activation of fibers doped with a novel catalyst precursor (i.e. cobalt naphthenate) which had an unexpectedly beneficial effect on spinnability. Nitrogen-enriched activated carbon fibers were prepared by treating the chemically activated carbon fibers with ammonia at high temperatures (ammonization). Stabilized fibers were also ammonized, which allowed carbonization, activation and nitrogen enrichment to be performed in a single step. The chemical activation of fibers from mixtures of pitch and nitrogen-enriched resins also yielded nitrogen-enriched activated carbon fibers. The contribution of the nitrogen species to the pH of the fibers was studied. Some selected fibers were tested as absorbents for the selective and reversible elimination of CO2 and as catalysts for the oxidation of SO2. At the same time, the effect of the porous texture and surface chemistry of the fibers on their capacity as adsorbents and catalysts was assessed.