Intestinal microbiota and celiac disease

• Autores: Marta Olivares Sevilla, Yolanda Sanz Herranz
• Localización: Advances in the Understanding of Gluten related Pathology and the Evolution of Gluten-Free Foods / Eduardo Arranz Sanz (ed. lit.), Fernando Fernández Bañares (aut.), Cristina M. Rosell (aut.), Luis Rodrigo Sáez (aut.), Amado Salvador Peña (aut.), 2015, ISBN 978-84-943418-2-3, págs. 193-222
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Intestinal microbiota is constituted by a particular assembly ofbacteria that develop symbiotic relationships with their host,contributing to diverse physiological functions and determiningresilience to disease. Diverse environmental and intrinsic factors canupset this symbiotic relationship, shifting the ecosystem from a stateof eubiosis to one of dysbiosis, which causes functional modificationsand promotes disease. Indeed, immune dysfunction frequently coincideswith intestinal dysbiosis and one can occur as a result of the other,creating a vicious circle. On this basis, hypotheses suggest that adysbiotic gut microbiota could influence the onset and progression ofceliac disease (CD). Epidemiological studies indicate that commonperinatal and early postnatal factors influencing CD risk also affect theintestinal microbiota structure. A recent prospective study of healthyinfants at family risk of developing CD has also revealed that theHLA-DQ genotype influences the microbiota composition. Severalstudies have also shown imbalances in the intestinal microbiota of CDpatients, which are not fully normalized despite their adherence to agluten-free diet, thus suggesting that such imbalances are not just asecondary consequence of CD. Furthermore, two small interventionstudies have recently reported potential interest in the use of specificbifidobacteria to improve CD treatment, although larger human trialsare required to confirm the benefits. Altogether, findings indicate thatgut microbiota composition and function may be one of the missingpieces in the CD puzzle that could help to fully explain diseasepathogenesis and risk. Thus, it is interesting to investigate new strategies for CD management that target gut microbiota within thisresearch field.