Dosis óptimas de yeso para enmendar suelos ácidos desarrollados sobre rañas y pizarras

• Ignacio Mariscal-Sancho ^[1] ; Fernando Peregrina ^[2] ; Ricardo Mitsuo-Jamachita ^[1] ; Jesús Santano ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

     Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

     Madrid, España

     
  2. [2] Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino

     Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino

     Logroño, España

     
• Localización: VII Congreso Ibérico de Agroingeniería y Ciencias Hortícolas: innovar y producir para el futuro. Libro de actas / coord. por Francisco Ayuga Téllez, Alberto Masaguer, Ignacio Mariscal Sancho, Morris Villarroel Robinson, Margarita Ruiz Altisent, Fernando Riquelme Ballesteros, E. C. Correa, 2014, ISBN 978-84-695-9055-3, págs. 1948-1953
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Optimal doses gypsum to amend acid soils developed on "rañas" and slates
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• Resumen

  • The beneficial effects of gypsum application(CaSO4.2H(2)O) in acid soils to improved the crop productivity have been have been attributed to Ca2+ exchangeable increase and Al3+ toxic effects reduction. However, application of gypsum as a soil amendment may result in a moderate decrease in soil pH and in a bases displacement (Mg2+, K+ and Na+ ) from the exchange complex by Ca2+. So it is necessary to determine the effects of different doses of gypsum on the exchange complex and on the crop's yield. Therefore, it has to be studied for each type of soil and crop. Our aim was to study six acid soils, three of them developed in different "rana" type surfaces and three developed on slates. In the case of rana soils, we studied the production of rye (Secale cereale L.), which is more adapted to adverse conditions and soils with low base saturation. In the case of slate soils, which had an exchange complex with higher concentrations of cations than ranas, the sorghum crop (Shorgum bicolor) was studied. We selected five treatment levels, from the control (D0) to the dose 4 (D4) of 4.2 g of gypsum . kg(-1) of soil, which is equivalent to 13,65 t.ha(-1). In rana soil were significant increases in the rye yield with the D2, D3 and D4 doses versus control (D0). In slate soils, the dry weight of sorghum ears was higher (183%) for the D3 dose versus control (D0). However, the yield with the D4 dose was lower than for the D3. The solubility of gypsum in addition to increasing the electrical conductivity produced a pH decrease in ranas and slate soil. This reduction was the result of the balance of H+ and Al3+ exchanged for Ca2+ and a few OHreleased by the adsorption reaction of SO42-. However, no significant differences in the exchangeable acidity (Al3+ + H+) measured in the different treatments, due to the decrease of Al exchange. In the case of rana soils, the Al3+ exchangeable was significantly decreased in treatments D2, D3 and D4 respect to the control.