Resumen de Comportamiento productivo e ingestivo de ovinos en crecimiento en sistemas silvopastoriles y de engorda en confinamiento

Carlos Ricardo Villanueva Partida, Víctor Díaz Echeverría, Alfonso Chay Canul, Luis Ramírez, Fernando Casanova Lugo, Iván Oros Ortega

• español

  El objetivo fue comparar los parámetros de comportamiento productivo e ingestivo de ovinos alimentados en sistemas silvopastoriles y confinamiento. Se evaluaron los consumos de materia seca (CMS), de materia orgánica (CMO), de proteína cruda (PC) y de fibra detergente neutro (CFDN), la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), el tiempo dedicado al consumo (TPC), a la rumia (TPR), a caminar (TPCM) y otras actividades (TPOA), en 18 ovinos con peso inicial de 16.83 ± 2.57 kg, distribuidos en un diseño completamente al azar, con tres tratamientos: dos tipos de sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP): 1) Leucaena leucocephala y Cynodon plectostachyus (L+E); 2) L. leucocephala y Panicum maximum (L+M); 3) Sistema de engorda en confinamiento (SEC). Se realizaron contrastes ortogonales para comparar el SEC vs los SSP y entre los SSP. Se encontró un mayor (P<0.001) CMS, CMO, CPC, CFDN y GDP en el SEC (1246.2, 1073.0, 157.1, 364.0 y 195 g animal día-1, respectivamente) comparado con los tipos de SSP. Los CMS, CMO, CPC y CFDN fueron mayores (P<0.001) en el L+M (772.2, 662.7, 124.0, 334.2 g animal día-1, respectivamente) que en L+E (548.9, 86.20, 483.0, 252.3 g, respectivamente); aunque la GDP fue similar en ambos SSP (102 y 114 g). El SEC resultó con un menor (P<0.001) TPC (148.33 min) que los SSP. Animales en L+E invirtieron menos (P<0.05) TPC (318.3 min) que en L+M (344.6 min). Animales en SEC utilizan mayor (P<0.001) TPOA (247.9 min) que en los SSP. Sin embargo, el TPOA fue similar entre los SSP.

• English

  In sheep silvopastoral systems, forage legumes are promising alternatives to commercial feed since they can lower costs. An evaluation was done comparing productive and ingestive behavior parameters in hair sheep in silvopastoral and stabled systems for four months. Nine variables were evaluated: dry matter intake (DMI); organic matter intake (OMI); crude protein intake (CPI); neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI); daily weight gain (DWG); feeding time (FT); rumination (RT); walking (WT); and other activities time (OAT). Experimental animals were eighteen sheep (initial weight= 16.83 x 2.57 kg) distributed in a completely random design, with three treatments: a silvopastoral system (SPS) including the legume Leucaena leucocephala and the grass Cynodon plectostachyus (L+E); another SPS including L. leucocephala and the grass Panicum maximum (L+M); and a stabled weightgain system (SWS). Orthogonal contrasts were applied to compare the SWS vs SPSs and the two SPSs. Compared to the two SPSs, all intakes (DMI= 1246.2 g; OMI= 1073.0 g; CPI= 157.1 g; and NDFI= 364.0 g animal d-1) and DWG (195 g animal d-1) were higher (P<0.001) in the SWS. Daily weight gain did not differ between the SPSs (102 and 114 g animal d-1), but all intakes were higher (P<0.001) in L+M (DMI= 772.2 g; OMI= 662.7 g; CPI= 124.0 g; and NDFI= 334.2 g animal d-1) than in L+E (DMI= 548.9 g; OMI= 86.20 g; CPI= 483.0 g; NDFI= 252.3 g animal d-1). Feeding time (FT) was shortest (P<0.001) in the SWS (148.33 min). Between the SPSs, FT was shortest (P<0.05) in the L+E (318.3 min) than in the L+M (344.6 min). Time dedicated to other activities was longer (P<0.001) in the SWS (247.9 min) than in the SPSs. Silvopastoral systems combining legumes and grasses provided sufficient growth in hair sheep although the stabled weight gain system produced faster growth in the studied time period.