Effects of Tissue Culture and Mycorrhiza Applications in Organic Farming on Concentrations of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacities in Ginger (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe) Rhizomes and Leaves

• Autores: B. R. Min, Lurline E. Marsh, Keegan Brathwaite, Adebola O. Daramola
• Localización: Journal of food science, ISSN 0022-1147, Vol. 82, Nº 4, 2017, págs. 873-881
• Idioma: inglés
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • Tissue culture and mycorrhiza applications can provide disease‐free seedlings and enhanced nutrient absorption, respectively, for organic farming. Ginger (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe) is rich in phytochemicals and has various health‐protective potentials. This study was aimed at determining effects of tissue culture and mycorrhiza applications alone or in combinations in organic farming on phytochemical contents (total phenolics and flavonoids [TP and TF, respectively], gingerol and shogaol homologues, phenolic acids, and carotenoids) and antioxidant capacities (DPPH [2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl] radical scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance (ORAC), and iron‐chelating capacities [ICC]) in solvent‐extractable (Free) and cell‐wall‐matrix‐bound (Bound) fractions of ginger rhizome and Free fraction of the leaves in comparison with non‐organics. Concentrations of the phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities, except for carotenoids and ICC, were significantly higher in organic ginger rhizomes and leaves than in non‐organics regardless of the fractions and treatments (P< 0.05). Mycorrhiza application in organic farming significantly increased levels of TP, TF, gingerols, and ORAC in the Free fraction of the rhizome (P< 0.05). Furthermore, the combined application of tissue culture and mycorrhiza significantly increased concentrations of TF and gingerols and ORAC in the Free fraction of the rhizome (P< 0.05), suggesting their synergistic effects. Considerable amounts of phenolics were found in the Bound fractions of the rhizomes. Six‐gingerol, ferulic acid, and lutein were predominant ones among gingerols, phenolic acids, and carotenoids, respectively, in ginger rhizomes. The results suggest that organic farming with mycorrhiza and tissue culture applications can increase concentrations of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities in ginger rhizomes and leaves and therefore improve their health‐protective potentials. Organic farming may increase concentration of biologically active compounds in ginger rhizomes and leaves and therefore improve their health‐benefit potentials for consumers. Tissue culture technique and mycorrhiza applications can be used to provide clean seedlings and natural nutrition enhancers, respectively, for organic farming. They may further boost the effects of organic farming on the concentration of bioactive phenolic compounds and consequently health‐protective potentials of ginger rhizomes and leaves.