School performance paths: Personal and contextual factors related to top performers and low achievers in portugal and spain

Celeste Simões ^[1] ; Francisco Rivera ^[2] ; Carmen Moreno ^[2] ; Margarida Gaspar de Matos ^[1]
1. [1] Universidade de Lisboa
  
  Universidade de Lisboa
  
  Socorro, Portugal
2. [2] Universidad de Sevilla
  
  Universidad de Sevilla
  
  Sevilla, España
Localización: The Spanish Journal of Psychology, ISSN 1138-7416, Nº 21, 2018, págs. 1-15
Idioma: inglés
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Resumen
- School performance is a critical aspect of adolescents’ lives. Several factors have an impact on school performance.
  
  The aim of this study is to analyze the relevant personal and contextual variables associated with top performance and low achievement in a sample of Portuguese and Spanish adolescent students. The sample included 1,564 adolescents, mean age 14 years old, and was collected from the HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) survey. The questions in this study covered sociodemographic, health and wellbeing, health-related behaviors, family, school and peers.
  
  Results show that students with low performance more frequently have worse social-contextual and personal/healthrelated indicators, while the opposite is the case for top performers. Student-teacher relationships appeared as the most influential variable on school performance paths, χ2 (2) = 328.11, p < .001; but other variables within families, e.g. mother studies, χ2 (2) = 50.54, p < .001, and schools, e.g. liking the school, χ2 (1) = 16.27, p < .001 and χ2 (1) = 22.54, p < .01 (in the low and high student-teacher relationship branches of the decision tree, respectively), as well as some health and wellbeing variables, e.g. health related-quality of life, χ2 (2) = 53.58, p < .001, and χ2 (2) = 63.86, < .001 (in the low and high studentteacher relationship branches, respectively), appeared significant in the paths