Resumen de Variables involved in personal, social and school adjustment in a sample of preschool-aged children from different cultural backgrounds

María Dolores Calero García, Antonio Fernández Parra, Sonia López-Rubio Martínez, Rosario Carles Gassin, Sara Mata Sierra, María del Carmen Vives Montero, Elena Navarro González, José Márquez Romero

• The continuing incorporation of immigrant populations into the Spanish educational system poses an important challenge in that all participants must cooperate toward creating the best possible adaptation process at the academic level as well as on the personal and social levels. A number of different factors appear to influence children's adjustment during the preschool stage, and these factors are especially relevant since many studies have shown that this is a key period for the prevention of future difficulties. The present study examines the variables involved in the adaptation of a group of preschool-aged children from different cultural backgrounds in Spain. The results indicate that preschoolers, regardless of their background, have similar performance and learning potential, with language proficiency being the factor that most clearly affects the other variables investigated. It was also found that children's attitudes toward learning were related to the presence of behavioral difficulties and with the quality and type of parental child-rearing practices. These practices appear to be related to a number of difficulties immigrant children may experience on personal and social levels.