This article addresses the issue of school and modernity representations that circulated in Brazil as from the end of the nineteenth century until the middle of the twentieth century and determined the configuration process of the Republican school. First, the article examines the pedagogical models that guided the process of school institutionalization in São Paulo State; it also describes the so-called ¿São Paulo model', a reference to the initiatives for school remodeling in many other Brazilian states in the first decades of the twentieth century. Next, it addresses the issue of new pedagogical models that reconfigured the educational field as from the middle of the 1920s and examines the appropriation of the principles and propositions of the so-called ¿new education pedagogy' in the process of mass school institutionalization as from the 1930s.
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