Disruptive innovation, provides a framework for examining how established industries, such as higher education, address challenges and pursue sustainable development. This paper reviews the evolution, current state, and future directions of disruptive innovation in higher education, highlighting key trends and areas for further research. A bibliometric analysis of 546 peer-reviewed publications (2001–2024) from the Web of Science was conducted using keyword analysis, clustering, and network visualisation. Core terms identified include higher education, COVID-19, disruptive innovation, education, and teacher education. Seven thematic clusters emerged: inclusive education, tech-pedagogy advancement, distance assessment, crisis education, educational AI, digital innovation, and transformative pedagogy. This study maps the intellectual landscape and identifies future research priorities to inform educational practices and policies. The dynamic environment of higher education offers opportunities for rethinking traditional models and advancing innovations in pedagogy and assessment, guiding policymakers, educators, and researchers towards fostering sustainable educational transformation.
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