Virtual citizenship and CSR in the metaverse: political participation, corporate accountability, and firm output in a technological age

• Otuedon, Ajueyitse Martins ^[2] ; Pondi, Kestin Ebimorbowei ^[1] ; Anoka, Michael Ifeanyi ^[1] ; Edheku, Ochuko Joy ^[3] ; Ofor, Theresa Nkechi ^[4] ; Uwhejevwe-Togbolo, Samuel Ejiro ^[3]
  1. [1] University of Benin

     University of Benin

     Nigeria

     
  2. [2] Department of Business Education, College of Education, Warri, Delta State. Nigeria
  3. [3] Department of Accounting, Dennis Osadebay University, Asaba, Delta State. Nigeria
  4. [4] Department of Accountancy, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Anambra State. Niger

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• Localización: Metaverse Basic and Applied Research, ISSN-e 2953-4577, Vol. 4, Nº. 0, 2025 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Metaverse Basic and Applied Research)
• Idioma: inglés
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  • This study examined virtual citizenship and CSR in the Metaverse: political participation, corporate accountability, and firm output in a technological age. The researchers employed a conceptual model of connection between virtual citizenship, political involvement, CSR, corporate responsibility, and firm production within the Metaverse. In the Metaverse, corporate social responsibility cannot be viewed only through the perspective of philanthropy or reputational management. Rather, it is part of governance, fulfilling such needs as data privacy, the fairness of the algorithm, or its accessibility The study result findings reveal that accountability is one of the determinants of firm output. Most of the literature has presumed that accountability is a compliance concern but this framework makes accountability a strategic resource. The study results also indicate that being a citizen in the Metaverse does not only symbolize that but rather forms a political agency. Virtual citizens have an ability to organize themselves, affect governance institutions and pressure companies to act responsibly. It was concluded in the study that, to be a successful firm in the Metaverse, it is important not only to be economically successful but also to be inclusive, legitimate, and accountable. It is necessary to empirically test and refine these insights by future empirical research. It was recommended in the study that firms, which incorporate CSR into their Metaverse practices, have a higher chance to experience competitive advantage, enhanced legitimacy, and increased long-term output.