Developing Spatial Skills in Children in Early Education Using Guided Painting Techniques

• Astudillo Cobos, Alexandra Cecilia ^[1] ; Ramos Ramos, Pamela Stephania ^[1] ; Monge Doicela, Jenny Adriana ^[1] ; Cruz Morales , Evelyn Carolina ^[1] ; Loján Heredia, Lorena Elizabeth ^[1] ; Unaucho Bonilla, Enma Virginia ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Estatal de Milagro

     Universidad Estatal de Milagro

     Guayaquil, Ecuador

     
• Localización: Gamification and Augmented Reality, ISSN-e 3008-9093, Vol. 3, Nº. 0, 2025 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Gamification and Augmented Reality)
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • This study addresses the insufficiency in spatial awareness development in children aged 4 to 5, identified through a diagnostic assessment conducted in an educational institution. The objective of this research was to implement a pedagogical program based on painting techniques aimed at improving children's ability to visually organize objects, adjust proportions, and understand spatial relationships. A mixed methodology was used, combining guided practical activities and qualitative analysis of children's skill progression. The main results show a significant improvement in organizing visual elements, adjusting proportions, and enhanced manual dexterity in handling artistic tools. Repetition-based activities and model observation effectively bridged the gap between theory and practice, confirming the importance of guided practice in learning spatial skills. This program is a valuable tool for cognitive development in early childhood, supported by theories such as Vygotsky’s and Piaget’s, which emphasize the role of active interaction with the environment for cognitive growth.