Estudi teòric i experimental del comportament del lligament creuat posterior i del tendó patel·lar a les forces tallants del genoll caní: sa, amb escissió del lligament creuat anterior i reparat amb la tècnica d'avanç de la tuberositat tibial (TTA)

• Autores: Elsa Pérez Guindal
• Directores de la Tesis: MaríaCarmen Díaz-Bertrana Sánchez (dir. tes.), Juan José Vázquez Solsona (dir. tes.)
• Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2013
• Idioma: catalán
• Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Mariano del Pilar Ignacio Fernandez Rodriguez Fairén (presid.), Francisco Javier Villasevil Marco (secret.), Josep de La Fuente Laborda (voc.)
• Materias:
  • Ciencias de la vida
    • Biofísica
      • Biomecánica
  • Ciencias agrarias
    • Ciencias veterinarias
  • Ciencias médicas
    • Cirugía
      • Traumatología
  • Ciencias tecnológicas
    • Tecnología médica
      • Prótesis
• Enlaces
  • Tesis en acceso abierto en: TDX
• Resumen

  • The knee joint is the largest and most complex both in humans and in canines. The internal forces that govern it, are not known exactly. Canine knee injuries are recurrent, especially in the anterior cruciate ligament, a disease that has become the focus of numerous research groups in the past 20 years and the development of dozens of techniques and methods of treatment within the veterinary community. This thesis was created to explore the biomechanics that govern the behavior of canine knee forces, in particular, to analyze the forces that cause the rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with a theoretical model. Moreover, experimental tests were carried out in vitro, the results of which will be contrasted with the model. First, the theoretical framework of biomechanics in the canine knee during the stance phase of the dog gait is reviewed and we propose a static biomechanical model of joint forces, to know the magnitude and direction of these. The second phase of the thesis is experimental. On one hand, it analyzes the effects of the forces that cause ACL rupture on the canine knee. On the other, it analyzes the effectiveness of the most common techniques for the correction of the disease, Tibial Tuberosity Advancement (TTA). This is one of the techniques based on changing the biomechanics of the knee and is one of the most widespread. But despite its success, the technique doesn¿t stabilize the knee completely. The study of joint forces before and after the application of the technique is not yet clear, so there are uncontrolled variables that could adversely affect the proper function of the knee, hence the importance of analyzing the technique from two approaches: the theoretical and the experimental. Hypotheses emerging from the model, focus on the effects on the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and Patellar Tendon (PT). It is believed that the PCL is a secondary stabilizer that takes on a leading role when the main stabilizer breaks and when the TTA technique is applied. For this reason it is possible that the PCL is overloaded after the intervention of the TTA and may affect long-term knee function. Furthermore, there is little information on the behavior of the Patellar Tendon (PT). It is based on the hypothesis that the tendon works more at higher femorotibial joint flexion angles, and the TTA technique tends to transfer less load. To verify the hypotheses in vitro experiments are carried out on canine limbs with healthy knees, knees with ACL excision and knees repaired by the TTA technique. During the tests shear forces are applied (one of the main causes of ACL injury) and the behavior of the LCP and the PT is collected. We measure the elongation of the posterior cruciate ligament and the strength of the quadriceps tendon (which, through a correlation factor, will transform into the strength of the Patellar Tendon). The measuring devices for the ligament and the tendon are based on the electric extensiometry technique, one of the more accurate experimental techniques to analyze stress and strain and widely used in engineering. The experimental results of this thesis are favorable compared with the biomechanical model hypothesis. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was found to be overloaded after the application of TTA. The Patellar tendon was found to be slightly distended after the application of TTA, and the force increased with the angle of knee flexion.