Método para la evaluación de riesgos laborales en obras de construcción de grandes viaductos
- Autores: Juliana Claudino Véras
- Directores de la Tesis: José Turmo Coderque (dir. tes.), Gonzalo Ramos Schneider (dir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2012
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Antonio Aguado de Cea (presid.), Miquel Casals Casanova (secret.), Pedro Antonio Calderón García (voc.), Manuel Burón Maestro (voc.), José Miguel Adam Martínez (voc.)
- Materias:
- Enlaces
- Tesis en acceso abierto en: TDX
- Resumen
A method for occupational risk assessment in construction sites is developed in this study. This method provides a system to perform exhaustive analysis of the situations that could result in serious accidents. The main characteristic of this method is the integration of the safety and health legislation of three legal frameworks associated with the monitoring of construction procedures. The method is structured in three stages: protocol, data analysis system and risk control procedure. The protocol provides a systematic in situ evaluation, through requirements for identifying and assessing the gravity of the factors that can contribute to an accident. Likewise, it allows identifying the workers in areas of risk. The data analysis system is a tool that processes the information gathered in the protocol. The result is a set of quantitative indicators characterizing the work environment. A significant feature of this tool is its applicability to other productive activities besides construction. The main indicator provided by the method is the safety global index (Is). A formulation representative of the characteristics of the assessed environment and capable of effectively translating its safety level was developed. To this end, a classification range was defined based on the analysis of numerous risk assessments. A detailed study of the parameters of the formulation was conducted, testing their conceptual and mathematical consistency and the influence of one parameter in the others. The third stage of the method is the risk control procedure which establishes an action plan on the irregularities identified in the evaluation. The first version of this method was tested in six bridges and viaducts construction sites. When the necessary adjustments were identified, the effectiveness of the final version was verified twice in two construction sites, a bridge and a viaduct. The validation of the method was completed by means of a survey among the staff responsible for the prevention of accidents in the two construction sites and through the its verification according to a model of validation in operations research. In light of the above, conclusions from the theoretical basis of the method and the results obtained in the risk assessments performed in the construction sites of bridges and viaducts are drawn.
