Resumen de Factores determinantes de la configuración del modelo urbano en el planeamiento urbanístico derivado: el caso de Barcelona.
María de la Concepción Crespo Blanco
One 01 the key issues 01 urban management is Ihe process 01 drafting and approval 01 planning. Very particularly wilh regard to the definition 01 whal in this thesis we call urban model, Le., Trinity lormed first by the use 01 soil, second by the build ability and finally the building typologies. In this thesis we try to see whal lactors influence Ihe determinalion 01 the urban model enshrined in planning legislation. It starts Irom the assumption that, besides the classical laclors belonging lo Ihe urban economy (e.g. accessibility), sociology (e.g. social hierarchy 01 space), exlernalities (e.g. environmental quality) and demographics (e.g. housing needs) there are olhers who may be as important as the ones above. The nalure ollhese new laclors would be affilialed wilh Ihe polilical will ollhose involved in drafting I planning approval, Ihe privale and the public inlerests. Ullimately these conditions could be called agenls (e.g. governmenl and slakeholders) and processes (e.g. processes 01 social demands). Therelore the main objective 01 Ihis Ihesis is lo sludy Ihe weighl thal Ihese lactors in shaping Ihe urban model. The Ihesis has two parts: a Iheorelical one, which develops Ihe Iheory ollhe urban model, ilS regulalion, its process design, ils shaping inlo a plan Ihal has been approved and Ihe delerminanls 01 land use, density and typologies. In the second part, using a logit regression model is sludied lo whal exienl Ihe classic laclors are able lo predicl Ihe way in how, in Ihe Melropolilan Region 01 Barcelona, has configured Ihe model embodied in 168 urban areas 01 planning legislalion. Therelore il Ihe classic laclors 01 land use allocalion I density I typology would be able lo explain mosl ollhe variance ollhe sample, Ihen our hypolhesis should be rejected. II on Ihe conlrary, Ihe unexplained portion was relevanl, Ihen il would mean Ihal Ihe delerminanls (agenls and processes) may have a role in Ihis allocalion process. The findings ollhe quanlilalive seclion suggesl Ihat Ihe classieal laclors can explain only 51.2% 01 cases; lo see illhe unexplained portion (Le. Ihe model error) was due lo problems in Ihe source Ilack 01 inlormalio,; or il Ihey really could be due lo olher laclors, was performed a detailed analysis 01 each case. Following Ihis review il beeame clear Ihe need lo sludy in delall and wilh Ihe support 01 qualilalive lechniques, two cases in Barcelona where Ihe model was clearly wrong. The analysis performed on the file lor approval 01 plans, a field study and interviews with slakeholders, revealed the enorrnous complexity inherenl lo Ihe agents and processes evidenced in Ihe managemenl 01 Ihe drafting and approval Ihereol, whose influence over redirecling, Le. reconfiguring Ihe urban model Ihal would resull simply by considering Ihe classic laclors 01 land use allocalion I build abililies I typologies. One 01 the main contributions 01 this thesis was therelore to highlight the important role ollhe planning legislalion, which being closer to reality, to the agents and the processes 01 the lerritory, allows building a city hypothesis inductively, Le. while it drafts I approves I managed; quite the opposite 01 what happens with the general planning whose hypolheses are proposilions lo be compared on the occasion 01 ils development, and often contradicted by its Irequent modifieation.
