1. La combinación de tratamiento endoscópico, con esclerosis o ligadura, y farmacológico, con beta-bloqueantes asociados o no a nitratos, es más eficaz que cada uno por separado para prevenir el resangrado digestivo global y por varices en pacientes con cirrosis y un episodio previo de hemorragia por varices esofágicas, y que no han recibido previamente tratamiento farmacológico o endoscópico como profilaxis primaria.
2. El efecto favorable del tratamiento combinado sobre el resangrado es independiente del tipo de técnico endoscópico utilizada, esclerosis o ligadura con bandas.
3. El tratamiento combinado también reduce significativamente la recurrencia de las varices esofágicas en pacientes con cirrosis cuando se compara con el tratamiento endoscópico aislado. 4. Los beneficios del tratamiento combinado reduce significativamente la recurrencia de las varices esofágicas en pacientes con cirrosis cuando se compara con el tratamiento endoscópico aislado.
5. Los beneficios del tratamiento combinado superan su mayor riesgo de efectos adversos respecto al tratamiento endoscópico o farmacológico aislado.
6. Como conclusión final, esta revisión sistemática y su metanálisis proporcionan evidencia científica para afirmar que la combinación de terapia endoscópico, hoy en día con ligadura con bandas, y farmacológica con beta-bloqueantes, constituye actualmente la primera opción terapéutica en la prevención del resangrado varicela en los enfermos con cirrosis, aportando una base científica para las recomendaciones más recientes expresadas en las guías clínicas
Background: The best option to prevent variceal rebleeding in cirrhosis, whether endoscopic or drug (non-selective beta-blockers) therapy remains controversial. Recent clinical guidelines recomend the combination of endoscopic (band ligation) and drug (beta-blockers) therapy as the first-line therapeutic option to prevent variceal rebleeding in cirrhosis (Hepatology. 2007; 46: 922. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007; 102: 2086). This recomendation is not supported by the last consensus conference of Baveno IV, when the evidence to support this afirmation was wear (J Hepatol. 2005; 43: 167).
Purpose: To determine the efficacy of endoscopic (sclerotherapy or banding) plus drug therapy compared to either therapy alone to prevent variceal rebleeding and to improve survival.
Data sources: English and non-English-language randomized trials appearing in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and conference proceedings until 30 December 2007.
Study selection: Randomized-controlled trials comparing endotherapy plus betablockers with endoscopic therapy or beta-blockers to prevent rebleeding in cirrhosis.
Data extraction: Two coauthors independently extracted data regarding interventions, rebleeding and mortality. We pooled data according to the Mantel–Haenszel fixedeffects model and if the heterogeneity was significant, according to the random-effects model. Primary outcomes measures were pooled relative risk for rebleeding and Peto odds ratio for mortality. Secondary outcomes were variceal rebleeding, variceal recurrence, and adverse events. Meta-regression and stratified analysis were used to explore heterogeneity.
Data synthesis: 23 trials (1860 patients) contributed to the meta-analysis, which revealed a statistically significant reduction in upper digestive rebleeding in favour of combination therapy compared with endoscopic therapy (0.68, 95%CI 0.52-0.89; moderate heterogeneity I2 =61%) or beta-blockers (0.71, CI 0.59-0.86; no heterogeneity). Combination therapy also reduced variceal rebleeding and recurrence. Reduction in mortality by combination therapy was not statistically significant compared with endoscopic (0.78; CI 0.58-1.07) or drug therapy (0.70; CI 0.46-1.06). Effect sizes were independent of the endoscopic procedure. Meta-regression or stratified analysis did not identify any trial-level covariate associated with intevention effect.
Limitations: Variability among trials regarding quality, populations under study, endoscopic procedures and length of follow-up.
Conclusions: Endoscopic plus drug therapy reduces the risk of upper digestive and variceal rebleeding in cirrhosis compared with either therapy alone, and constitutes the best option for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding, yet the benefit on survival is not statistically significant.
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