Three essays on communication and advice in experimental economics

• Autores: Christina Rott
• Directores de la Tesis: Jordi Brandts Bernad (dir. tes.)
• Lectura: En la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ( España ) en 2014
• Idioma: inglés
• Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Arthur Schram (presid.), Pedro Ortín Angel (secret.), Ernesto Reuben (voc.)
• Materias:
  • Ciencias económicas
    • Economía general
• Enlaces
  • Tesis en acceso abierto en:  TDX  DDD 
• Resumen

  • The doctoral thesis is composed by three essays, in each of which we analyze with laboratory experiments how individuals use and react to different communication and advice forms. Individuals make their decisions anonymously and communication and advice, either free form or pre-formulated, is transmitted through the computer. In the first essay, we study how advice by a more experienced and better-informed person affects an individual¿s entry into a real-effort tournament and the gender gap. Overall, advice improves the entry decision of subjects and the improvements are mainly driven by increased entry of strong-performing women, who also become more confident, and reduced entry of weak-performing men. We find that the overall gender gap persists even though it disappears among low and strong performers. The persistence is due to an emerging gender gap among intermediate performers. In the second essay, we investigate how after a history of decay in cooperation, organizations can revive cooperation in a repeated voluntary contribution game in an enduring way. Simply starting the repeated game over - a pure restart - leads to an initial increase of cooperation, but to a subsequent new decay to the previous level. Motivated by cooperation failure in organizations we study the potential of three interventions of triggering higher and sustained cooperation. We find that a detailed explanation of the causes of the decay in cooperation combined with an advice on how to prevent the decay does not have an effect beyond that of just starting over. In contrast, a one-way free form communication message sent by the leader to the followers strongly revives cooperation, independent of being preceded by explanation and advice. In the third essay, we study how the separation between making and communicating a choice affects fairness and reactions to harsh decisions. A decision-maker allocates a fair or unfair amount of money to herself, two receivers, and a third party. The decision-maker or the third party communicates the allocation chosen to the receivers, who then decide whether to punish or not. With aligned punishment, receivers have to target both decision-maker and third party with the same amount of punishment, whereas with independent punishment they are free to decide whom to punish. Decision-makers choose more often the unfair allocation when punishment is aligned as opposed to independent, but in both cases, decision-makers who choose the unfair allocation are more likely to delegate the communication to the third party. With independent punishment, receivers punish the decision-maker and the third party more when the later communicates the unfair allocation decision. The third party expresses more often remorse than need as opposed to decision-makers, which with independent punishment receivers seem to perceive as an attempt of shifting blame.