Resumen de Els sòls agrícoles periurbans i el tractament al planejament
Pilar Paricio García
For thousands of years, cities have been closely linked to agriculturaL environments that catered them. lt was not until the end of 19th century, with Industrial Revolution, that urban phenomenon focused in residential and industrial, development, infrastructures and equipment, as a result of economic and technological transformations and as a product of a territorial model based in sustained growth and a social ideal based in progress. Current instruments of territorial and urban planning were developed already last century, in a moment that was necessary to resolve massive accommodation of population which emigrated from the fields to industrial cities, transportation, access to water, electrification etc. This model has produced a great urban growth and strong consumption of soil everywhere, not only in cities of developed countries but also in developing countries. So much it is so than in 2013 more than half of the world's population lives in cities. The strong increase of the urban soil has been one of the causes of the loss of peri-urban agricultural areas that have been absorbed into urban fabric or occupied by residuals activities. On the other hand, low price of fossil fuel, which externalizes its real cost, and concentration of business by a few multinationals, facilitates the transfer of manipulated food from one point of the planet to another and hinders the creation of an agriculture of vicinity, of fresh food which results economically less competitive.As a result of this situation localfields are abandoned progressively by two causes: a generation gap of farmers and a lack of investment for innovation and research in local agriculture. We say might, that this kind of uses have been progressively excluded of urban reflexion. We have tried to check with this study that,while to regional planning has advanced in the analysis, delimitation and protection of the terrains with agricultural value, but are scarce urban planning that treat this subject and develop political of protection and management. At this moment,in which more than half of world's population lives in cities, it seems necessary to rethink the relationship between urban and rural areas. This fact and strong social and economic instability leads us to define a new urban paradigm: a paradigm in which the cities should be more self-sufficient, able to generate energy and products they need, recycle waste generated, improve resiliency and provide rapid responses to catastrophes ,crisis or emergency situations. The problem of increasing pollution makes necessary to consider alternatives to indiscriminate consumption of fossil fuels and create a closer relationship with nature. Urban and peri-urban agriculture have important environmental and social functions, they can be a way for achieving food security of cities, as well as to improve their resilience. lf we are able to rebuild capacities to produce locally, we may increase the capacity of a city to an unforeseen event. This paper analyzes the peri-urban agriculture in Catalonia, reviewes legislation made in Europe, Spain and Catalonia, and has studied treatment of this matter regional's plans, and urban plans. The conclusion is that, despite suggestions and global European and regional guidelines protection and management of peri-urban agricultural land is imprecise,heterogeneous, little effective and insufficient to maintain the agricultural activity in front of urban growth or other uses of development.
