Resumen de Submerged vanes turbulence: experimental analysis
Khaled Mohamed Ahmed Hamad Mohamed
Experimental study was conducted to analyze the physical flow turbulence and sediment distribution with submerged vane. The objectives behind the investigation were verified and compare results with the Odgaard theory, also; achieved to measure vertical pressures acting on both sides of submerged vane, calculate lift and drag forces, lift and drag coefficients experimentally, that the theory of Odgaard was fails to predict satisfactorily. Other motivation of the study was investigates experimentally the hydrodynamic characterization of submerged vanes as; velocities fields, circulation, vorticity, bed topography, pressures, drag and lift forces with its coefficients, study physical fluid turbulence of submerged vanes as; Reynolds normal and shear stresses, turbulent kinetic energy and rate of dissipation, turbulence intensities, Kolmogorov scales, kinetic energy spectrum, turbulent velocities fields, fluctuating velocities and finally Reynolds stresses histograms. Tests were conducted with clear water was transported throughout the re-circulated rectangular channel with cross-section 7.5 m long, 2.52 m wide channel with a bed consisting of 50 cm thick layer of sand with a median diameter of 1.6-mm and a geometric standard deviation of 1.36. Velocities were measured with a 7 Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter ADV, which were calibrated and checked periodically, depths and water surface elevations were measured with a gauge that could be read with an error of less than 0.3 mm. The current meter, gauges were mounted on a movable instrument sliding carriage, which rode on rails a top of the channel walls, on a traversing mechanism, which enabled them to be positioned at any desired location in the channel. Positioning and data sampling were controlled from a computer program. The water surface elevations were used to determine water surface slope S and Darcy-Weisbach friction factor f=8gRS/u_o^2, where uo = undisturbed (pre-vane) cross-sectional-averaged velocity. In all tests, uo=0.2867 m/s, and the discharge Q=116,62 l/s =0.11662 m^3/s. The vanes were made of 14 mm-thick PVC sheet, they were rectangular in shape, with height H = 7 cm = 0.4337d, and length L = 25 cm = 3.571H. In all tests, the vanes were placed at an angle of attack of 20 degrees with the channel centerline. Water depth was 0.1614 m, pre-vane water surface slope, friction factor and geometric standard deviation, sg, were 1.6×10^(-3), 0.045 and 1.36 respectively. The Vectrinos were been calibrated to work at 25Hz and for each position taken data for 4 minutes, a sample volume that is located approximately 4.3 mm of the device. For each position there are seven Vectrinos 10 cm distance from one to other taking data, so data recorded 7 points at the same time. Data recorded were taking on about 24.080 points on whole the sectional cross channel, with the aim to measure the velocities once the channel-bed has reached to the permanent regime or steady state (equilibrium), during the measurements of velocities, we has taken the bed topography (bathymetry) of the channel-bed by using ADV. In the current dissertation, we installed 30 piezometers in each side of Vane. Once obtained the experimental pressures measured at the laboratory on both sides of vane, the pressure difference between vane sides (¿P), and the perpendicular resultant force (FR¿) acting on the vane, first calculated the resultant force between drag and lift components (FR), then we used this force to calculate drag force FD and lift force FL, also calculated Drag coefficient CD, and finally we calculated the Lift coefficient CL. Results, includes submerged vanes turbulence statistics as; Probability distribution of the velocity field, Reynolds stresses, Turbulence intensity, Kinetic and Dissipation energy, and finally, Kolmogorov turbulence scales. Other results contain energy spectrum, turbulent velocities fields, fluctuating velocities and Reynolds stresses histograms.
