Optimización de diseño de granjas avícolas de pollos
- Autores: Eliseo Bustamante García
- Directores de la Tesis: Antonio Hospitaler Pérez (dir. tes.), Antonio Torres Salvador (dir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de València ( España ) en 2015
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Salvador Ivorra Chorro (presid.), Guillermo Palau Salvador (secret.), Pilar Barreiro Elorza (voc.)
- Materias:
- Enlaces
- Tesis en acceso abierto en: RiuNet
- Resumen
Intensive (broiler) poultry farming is a strategic sector for the economy and development of many countries and regions, including Spain and the Valencian Community region. Intensive production consists of keeping the animals in specific buildings (broiler buildings) under a controlled indoor microclimate. Two main options are found regarding the ventilation systems: production in broiler buildings with natural ventilation and production in broiler buildings with mechanical ventilation (commonly with negative depression by exhaust fans). Inadequate design is the main cause of thermal stress and the mortality of broilers. In this sense, one solution to decrease the broilers' heat stress and mortality consists of assisting in their biological thermoregulation by increasing the air velocity over them. In this PhD dissertation, the ventilation (ranges of the air velocity and its distribution, mainly at the level and plane where the broilers are located) in the main mechanical ventilation systems installed in the broiler buildings is characterised and analysed. Despite the magnitude of the current difficulties (broilers' thermal stress and mortality) and society's sensitivity regarding aspects of animal welfare, to date, the different mechanical ventilation systems in the different types of broiler building have not been characterised and analysed with scientific scrupulousness. In this PhD dissertation, the three most relevant types have been studied: cross, tunnel and single-sided. The methodological approach has been very similar in all the cases of study: some measurements by means a multi-sensor system (with our own original design and building) has been used for isotemporal recordings, the corresponding Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have been carried out and finally these simulations have been validated. These validations were carried out by means of two statistical techniques: by means of linear regression techniques and by means of a study of the significance (in an analysis of the variance) for the method used (sensors or CFD) in each different proposed validation model. Having validated these CFD results, CFD techniques can safely be used to characterise and analyse the ventilation in all the indoor space of the broiler buildings (sensors only allow it to be characterised in their physical locations). The first case studied involves a broiler building which has a cross mechanical ventilation system (commonplace in Mediterranean climates) installed. The conclusions from this study show that this ventilation system is adequate for broiler rearing during nearly the whole year in mild climatic locations (e.g. Mediterranean climate). However, on certain days or in periods of heat (summer), it would not be adequate because it cannot reach high enough air velocity values to reduce the heat stress on the broilers. The second case studied is a broiler building with tunnel mechanical ventilation installed. The conclusions from this study show that it is less suitable than the first one analysed (cross mechanical ventilation) for broiler rearing over nearly the whole year in mild climatic locations. However, on certain days or in periods of heat (summer), it is very suitable because it can reach higher air velocity values to reduce the heat stress on the broilers. The third case studied is a broiler building with single-sided mechanical ventilation installed. The conclusions from this study show that this ventilation system is suitable for broiler rearing almost throughout the year in mild climatic locations. However, on certain days or in periods of heat (summer), it would be not adequate because it cannot reach high enough air velocity values to reduce the heat stress.
