Biodegradation of PAHs: analysis and stimulation of degrading bacterial populations / Biodegradación de HAPs: análisis y estimulación de poblaciones bacterianas degradadoras

• Autores: Sara Gallego Blanco
• Directores de la Tesis: Magdalena Grifoll Ruiz (dir. tes.)
• Lectura: En la Universitat de Barcelona ( España ) en 2012
• Idioma: inglés
• Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Mª Dolors Vaqué Vidal (presid.), Marc Viñas Canals (secret.), Sylvie Nazaret (voc.)
• Materias:
  • Química
    • Química orgánica
      • Hidrocarburos aromáticos
  • Ciencias de la vida
    • Microbiología
      • Metabolismo microbiano
      • Procesos microbianos
• Enlaces
  • Tesis en acceso abierto en:  TDX  Dipòsit Digital de la UB 
• Resumen

  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants of great concern due to their toxicity, ubiquitous distribution and environmental persistence. Generally, the PAHs are found as part of complex mixtures such as crude oil and derivatives, and mineral coal. Mismanagement during industrial operations, and accidental spills result in the contamination of wide areas with potential risk for the public health and negative impact in the local economy. Nowadays, there is a considerable interest in the use of biological procedures to clean up polluted environments because of their pollutant removal efficiency, feasibility and associated low cost. Bioremediation experiences are based on the ability that microorganisms (bacteria, algae and fungi) possess in degrading a wide range of pollutants, including PAHs containing from two to five aromatic rings. The microbial biodegradation of low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs has been extensively studied revealing a variety of bacteria capable to efficiently degrade these pollutants. The studies with high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs, more recalcitrant and with higher toxicity, indicate that in soil environments this compounds are generally degraded by members of the group Actinobacteria. However, little is known about HMW-PAH degradation in marine environments. Recent studies carried out with marine consortia and isolates have identified a few genera as PAHs degraders in sea waters, but no associations have been established between pyrene degradation and actinobacteria in such environments. Here, with the study of a pyrene microbial marine consortium, we provide the first evidence on the key role of actinobacteria in the removal of pyrene from polluted marine shorelines. Moreover, the detailed analysis of the community structure of the microbial consortium have revealed the presence of a bacterial strain not classifiable in the previously described genus, that have been isolated, thoroughly characterized and proposed as a type strain of a new genus and species. Bioremediation experiences do not always produce the desired results. PAHs are usually degraded until certain limit after which degradation is hardly observed. This phenomenon may be mainly caused by the low bioavailiability and limited concentration of nutrients. PAHs are usually found in non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), which results in a slow partition of these components into the aqueous phase and their persistence in to the environment for long periods. In order to enhance microbial degradation and reduce the residual PAH concentration in polluted environments, we have conducted an experiment in which the effect of an oleophilic fertilizer has been evaluated. We also have targeted the possible nutritional deficiencies during bioremediation and have examined the biodegradation of PAHs and potential accumulation of partially oxidized metabolites, more available and toxic than their parent PAHs. Finally, we have evaluated the efficiency of sunflower rhizosphere in PAH removal from polluted soils that have undergone extensive remediation but still contain intolerable levels of pollutants. The results indicate that the sunflower rhizosphere enhance the removal of PAHs by promoting the selective growth of degradative bacteria, incrementing the bioaccesibility and possible favouring the degrading processes through specific mechanism associated with the composition of the roots exudates. These results represent a promising alternative for increasing bioremediation in a sustainable and cost-efficient manner.