Resumen de Métodos analíticos para la determinación de compuestos disruptores endocrinos
- español
Esta memoria de tesis doctoral se presenta en forma de compendio de publicaciones científicas según la normativa de la Universidad de La Rioja aprobada por Consejo de Gobierno el 22 de julio de 2005.
Siguiendo la norma para la presentación de tesis de la Universidad de la Rioja, esta memoria ha sido redactada en español. Con el fin de cumplir los requerimientos para la solicitud del título de "doctor con mención internacional" se incluye un resumen, los artículos científicos y las conclusiones redactados en inglés.
La memoria comienza describiendo la temática y los objetivos de la tesis. A continuación se encuentra una primera sección, Introducción, en la que se define el concepto de disruptor endocrino y se describen con detalle las técnicas de extracción empleadas y sus ventajas.
Después la tesis se divide en capítulos dedicados a cada una de las familias de compuestos estudiados: Éteres de difenilo bromados (BDEs), Alquilfenoles y bisfenol A (APs y BPA), Compuestos perfluorados (PFCs) y Retardantes de llama organofosforados (OPFRs). Cada capítulo consta de una breve introducción a los compuestos estudiados que describe sus propiedades, las fuentes de emisión, efectos en la salud, precedentes de métodos analíticos para su análisis, etc. A continuación se encuentra un pequeño resumen de los objetivos, resultados y conclusiones de cada trabajo seguido del artículo científico en su idioma original (inglés).
Las publicaciones científicas que se encuentran recogidas en esta memoria son:
Capítulo 2. Éteres de difenilo bromados 1. Determination of brominated diphenyl ethers (from mono- to hexa- congeners) in indoor dust by pressurized liquid extraction with in cell clean-up and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry M.P. Martínez, J.D. Carrillo and M.T. Tena, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 397 (2010) 257-267.
2. Focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination of brominated flame retardants in indoor dust M.P. Martínez and M.T. Tena, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 404 (2012) 289-295.
3. Use of microextraction by packed sorbents following selective pressurized liquid extraction for the determination of brominated diphenyl ethers in sewage sludge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry M.P. Martínez-Moral and M.T. Tena, Journal of Chromatography A 1364 (2014) 28-35.
Capítulo 3. Alquilfenoles y bisfenol A 4. Focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction and selective pressurized liquid extraction to determine bisphenol A and alkylphenols in sewage sludge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry M.P. Martínez-Moral and M.T. Tena, Journal of Separation Science 34 (2011) 2513-2522.
Capítulo 4. Compuestos perfluorados 5. Determination of perfluorocompounds in popcorn packaging by pressurized liquid extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry M.P. Martínez-Moral and M.T. Tena, Talanta 101 (2012) 104-109 6. Focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction of perfluorinated compounds from sewage sludge M.P. Martínez-Moral and M.T. Tena, Talanta 109 (2013) 197-202 Capítulo 5. Retardantes de llama organofosforados 7. Development of an analysis method for two novel organophosphorus flame retardants in sediment and sewage sludge: resorcinol bis-(diphenylphosphate) (PBDPP) and bisphenol A bis (diphenylphosphate) (BPA-BDPP), including other organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers M.P. Martínez-Moral, S. Brandsma, J. de Boer and P. Leonards.
Para finalizar se incluye un capítulo con las conclusiones generadas durante la elaboración de esta tesis.
- English
This thesis, entitled "Analytical methods to determine endocrine disruptor compounds", is presented as a compilation of the scientific articles published during the research about the determination of endocrine disruptors in different kind of samples.
In the last years the concern about the occurrence of endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) in environmental samples and the human exposure to these compounds has increased. The goal of the research collected in this memory is to develop simpler, faster and more economical analytical methods for the determination of EDCs such as brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs), alkylphenols (APs), bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) or organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in different types of samples.
This memory begins with a general Introduction (in Spanish) that explains the importance of the determination of endocrine disruptor compounds and a brief description of the extraction techniques used: selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE), focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction (FUSLE) and microextraction by packed sorbents (MEPS).
Then, there are different chapters for each family of compounds. Each chapter is composed by a description of the properties, uses and effects of the compounds in the environment and in human health and the state-of-the-art of their determination in different kind of samples (in Spanish), followed by the corresponding papers, in their original version (English).
The scientific articles included are the following:
Chapter 2: Brominated diphenyl ethers 1. Determination of brominated diphenyl ethers (from mono- to hexa- congeners) in indoor dust by pressurized liquid extraction with in cell clean-up and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry M.P. Martínez, J.D. Carrillo and M.T. Tena, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 397 (2010) 257-267.
2. Focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination of brominated flame retardants in indoor dust M.P. Martínez and M.T. Tena, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 404 (2012) 289-295.
3. Use of microextraction by packed sorbents following selective pressurized liquid extraction for the determination of brominated diphenyl ethers in sewage sludge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry M.P. Martínez-Moral and M.T. Tena, Journal of Chromatography A 1364 (2014) 28-35.
Chapter 3: Alkylphenols and bisphenol A 4. Focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction and selective pressurized liquid extraction to determine bisphenol A and alkylphenols in sewage sludge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry M.P. Martínez-Moral and M.T. Tena, Journal of Separation Science 34 (2011) 2513-2522.
Chapter 4: Perfluorinated compounds 5. Determination of perfluorocompounds in popcorn packaging by pressurized liquid extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry M.P. Martínez-Moral and M.T. Tena, Talanta 101 (2012) 104-109 6. Focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction of perfluorinated compounds from sewage sludge M.P. Martínez-Moral and M.T. Tena, Talanta 109 (2013) 197-202 Chapter 5: Organophosphorus flame retardants 7. Development of an analysis method for two novel organophosphorus flame retardants in sediment and sewage sludge: resorcinol bis-(diphenylphosphate) (PBDPP) and bisphenol A bis (diphenylphosphate) (BPA-BDPP), including other organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers M.P. Martinez-Moral, S. Brandsma, J. de Boer and P. Leonards.
Finally, the general conclusions of the work performed are presented in Chapter 6.
