Entornos vernáculos y territorialidad sostenible en la diversidad climática del estado de Querétaro, México.

• Autores: Martin Hernandez Chavela
• Directores de la Tesis: Juan M. Sánchez La Chica (dir. tes.)
• Lectura: En la Universidad de Málaga ( España ) en 2026
• Idioma: español
• Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Ciudad, Territorio y Planificación Sostenible por la Universidad de Granada; la Universidad de Málaga y la Universidad Rovira i Virgili
• Enlaces
  • Tesis en acceso abierto en: RIUMA
• Resumen
  • español

    Contextos habitacionales autosuficientes, energéticamente eficientes y con baja producción de residuos, son premisas de las tendencias actuales del hábitat humano, como forma eficaz para solucionar los problemas sociales y ambientales. Las edificaciones son responsables directas de más del 50% del calentamiento global, por su gasto energético, por lo cual debe tenderse hacia modelos que disminuyan los impactos ambientales.

    Se pueden considerar como alternativas probables de solución, algunas formas ancestrales de hábitats, como son los entornos vernáculos, que han demostrado eficiencia en su manejo territorial sostenible, dada su adaptabilidad al entorno físico, la utilización de materiales locales, biodegradables o reintegrables al medio, la explotación racional de sus recursos, su diseño y las estrategias bioclimáticas que utilizan. Además de responder a los requerimientos socioculturales y procesos identitarios de las localidades, considerando su cosmogonía y cultura comunitaria colaborativa.

    El conocimiento ancestral y las evidencias físicas de estas muestras arquitectónico-urbanas se ha ido perdiendo paulatinamente, siendo importante recuperar lo que pervive y aprovecharlo para desarrollar estrategias de diseño de un hábitat humano actual energéticamente eficiente.

    Este trabajo documenta y analiza territorialmente, diversos entornos vernáculos existentes en latitudes de clima diverso, en el estado de Querétaro, México, para determinar su grado de eficiencia en el manejo del medio, la relación cultural con el mismo y cómo se refleja en la estructuración del hábitat comunitario, que denota territorialidad sostenible.

    Se elabora un marco teórico relativo a conceptos de territorialidad y sostenibilidad aplicables a los entornos vernaculares, realizando un análisis del medio físico, las características antropológicas de sus habitantes y sus prácticas culturales, para comprender el desarrollo de sus asentamientos y edificaciones. Se caracteriza y sintetiza el conocimiento obtenido, exponiendo conceptos y desarrollando criterios aplicables al diseño del hábitat humano actual, con un enfoque territorial y sostenible.

  • English

    The possibility of housing contexts that are self-sufficient, self-constructing, energy-efficient, and low-waste, among other characteristics, are the main premises of current housing trends and are the direction in which we must move to solve the world's serious social and environmental problems.

    Buildings are directly responsible for more than 50% of global warming due to their high energy demand and expenditure. Therefore, we must move toward construction and building design models, especially residential ones, that help reduce these serious environmental impacts.

    It is important to consider ancestral forms of habitat, such as vernacular environments, as a possible alternative solution to this socio environmental problem. These have prevailed for centuries, demonstrating their effectiveness in sustainable territorial management. First, due to their adaptability to the physical environment through: the minimal impact of the land used for settlement; the use of local, biodegradable, or environmentally reintegrable materials in their construction; the rational use of resources; and their design and the bioclimatic strategies they employ.

    Secondly, because they respond to the sociocultural requirements and identity processes of the localities, thus reflecting the forms of their settlements, their cosmogony, traditions, and collaborative community culture, in which all inhabitants participate subsistence.

    in the community's It has been noted with great concern during the development of this research that, unfortunately, both the knowledge and the remaining physical evidence of these extraordinary architectural examples, which attest to the above, are gradually being lost daily. It is imperative to recover all this knowledge, which still survives but is at serious risk of disappearing due to territorial processes, and to take advantage of it to develop paradigmatic proposals for human habitat design that respond to the socio-environmental needs of today's world. This work aims to document and analyze, territorially, various vernacular environments existing at latitudes with diverse climates in the state of Querétaro, Mexico, to determine their degree of efficiency in managing their environment, their cultural relationship with it, and how this is reflected in the structuring and construction of their community habitat, which represents territoriality.

    A theoretical framework has been developed, relating to concepts of territoriality and sustainability applicable to this type of vernacular environment. Based on this, an analysis has been conducted that first describes the physical environment of the sites, and then analyzes the anthropological characteristics of their inhabitants and the cultural practices that denote the existing human-environmental connection. This framework also includes a description of the way they develop their settlements and buildings, as a reflection of their cultural identity and their relationship with the environment.

    Once the efficiency and effectiveness of these vernacular environments in the territoriality of each of the climatic regions of Querétaro are determined through analysis, the obtained knowledge is characterized, extracted, and synthesized to finally present some paradigms, concepts, and examples of applicability to new design proposals for the current human habitat, with a mainly territorial and sustainable focus.