The historical dynamics of the groups of independent voters (AEI) and the local parties (PAL) in the province of Almería in the period between the local elections of 1979 and those of 2011 is the object of study of this Doctoral Thesis. This is an investigation that, considering the results obtained by all the political options that have been presented in the different local elections of that period, focuses its attention on the constitution, management performance and disappearance of these candidacies. The proposal of this work is framed within the History of the Present Time and to undertake its analysis the varied existing documentation has been considered, both from public and private archives, newspaper archives and official databases.
These records have been complemented with interviews with protagonists of various local formations in each call.
During the time analyzed, the province of Almería has had an original political activity, which has gone through different stages, conditioned by the national or regional dynamics and in which the bipartisan model has been transferred to the local level. To address the electoral periods and the circumstances of the AEI and PAL that are the objects of study, we start with a socioeconomic and political analysis of the province in a journey that covers the entire study period (Chapter 1).
A chronological and qualitative criterion has been used when establishing the content of the different chapters of this work. Thus, those referring to the elections of 1979, 1983 and 1987 make up independent chapters, since each of them offers a certain uniqueness that differentiates it from the rest. We start from the origin of the current local electoral system, with a review of its construction in the first years of the Transition (Chapter 2). Next, the first democratic local elections are analyzed, which had a large presence of AEI and only one PAL (Chapter 3). Spain's political orientation will determine the results in 1983, which will maintain the presence of independent candidates and a local party (Chapter 4). The end of that decade (Chapter 5) will bring the weakening of citizen options and the strengthening of the candidacies of state-level parties (PAE) and non-statelevel parties (PANE). The decade of the 90s of the 20th century investigates what happened in the local elections of 1991, 1995 and 1999 to show the contraction of independent candidacies and the emergence of new local parties (Chapter 6). The provincial dynamic is completed with the development during the first decade of the 21st century, with the calls for town councils in 2003, 2007 and 2011, a period in which local parties of enormous influence will be activated, which will not last over time, and the definitive process of converting AEI into PAL (Chapter 7).
In each chapter there is an analysis of the electoral results of the province of Almería in comparison with those registered at the rest of the levels (state, regional). Local parties are reviewed not only based on their electoral results, but also considering the circumstances of their survival. As for the groups of voters, they have been analyzed in their entirety from the electoral point of view, each chapter focusing on the study of cases that, through their course, allow us to understand the idiosyncrasy of these independent candidacies.
Esta tesis aborda el análisis, identificación y recorrido que han tenido las agrupaciones de electores independientes (AEI), así como los denominados partidos de ámbito local (PAL), en las elecciones locales de la provincia de Almería en un periodo de convocatorias que abarca desde 1979 a 2011.
Previo a la investigación de las diferentes convocatorias y cómo se ha configurado la representación de estas candidaturas y su pervivencia, el trabajo parte de un estudio socioeconómico y político de la provincia almeriense a lo largo de este periodo, donde se profundiza en la transformación que ha tenido desde el final de la dictadura franquista hasta la primera década del siglo XXI.
La evolución política de estas opciones electorales, así como la trayectoria e intereses que representaron, se vuelve en un motivo principal de investigación, tanto por su relevancia en la historia electoral desde el ámbito municipal al provincial, alcanzando el regional en Andalucía.
Por una parte, la tesis aborda los objetivos, intereses y evolución de las agrupaciones de electores, que poseen unas casuísticas particulares y diferenciadas municipio a municipio. Asimismo, se explica el diferente comportamiento en cuanto a resultados y número de AEI que se han presentado en los diferentes municipios almerienses y la trayectoria de sus líderes, provenientes tanto de otros partidos políticos (en su mayoría de ámbito estatal) o de movimientos sociales (asociaciones de vecinos). Este análisis, realizado mediante estudios de caso, permite comprender su pervivencia en la competencia electoral almeriense.
Por otra parte, se investiga sobre los partidos de ámbito local que se han constituido en Almería desde 1979 a 2011, en un análisis tanto de sus líderes, ideología y evolución a lo largo de estas convocatorias. En su contenido se observa cuál ha sido la casuística que llevó a su aparición histórica, su permanencia en las convocatorias electorales locales y su relación con partidos de ámbito estatal.
El contenido de ambas indagaciones permite conocer la función que han desempeñado en el ámbito local y el espacio que han ocupado de 1979 a 2011 teniendo en cuenta la evolución histórica del comportamiento electoral almeriense.
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