La construcción de la periferia: unidad y totalidad: las lógicas espaciales del barrio residencial de vivienda individual de la periferia suroeste de la ciudad de Córdoba (1985-2015)

• Autores: Claudia Romo
• Directores de la Tesis: Jimena Paula Cutruneo (dir. tes.)
• Lectura: En la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) ( Argentina ) en 2020
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Tesis en acceso abierto en: hdl.handle.net
• Resumen
  • español

    Esta Tesis aporta al conocimiento sobre las lógicas espaciales de las formas del crecimiento urbano, abordando un sector de la periferia de la ciudad de Córdoba, a través del estudio de los procesos de formación y transformación urbana producidos entre los años 1985 y 2015. Las aproximaciones se realizan desde la perspectiva que considera a la vivienda individual como la pieza de reproducción del espacio urbano y formula la construcción del objeto de estudio a partir del binomio que constituyen vivienda y periferia. Articula ambas temáticas a partir de considerar a la unidad barrial o fragmento urbano –que agrupa y contiene a las viviendas individuales– como la pieza fundamental de la construcción del espacio urbano, intermedia y articuladora entre vivienda y periferia.

    Por lo tanto, las hipótesis que orientan el desarrollo de la investigación plantean que las lógicas de proyectación de las piezas barriales permiten demostrar las características físicas de organización y configuración urbanística de la periferia, a la vez que la interpretación de los tejidos residenciales explica sus aspectos espaciales. El objetivo general que permite realizar la organización metodológica y operativa consiste en demostrar cómo la composición de la unidad (barrio) construye la totalidad (periferia).

    La propuesta de investigación parte de un enfoque espacial (Soja, 2008), se desarrolla a partir de la visión sobre un urbanismo centrado en las partes, piezas y elementos (Solá Morales, 2003) que componen la organización espacial de la unidad (fragmento) que construye la totalidad. En relación a ello, los resultados obtenidos constituyen una aportación al conocimiento como alternativa metodológica multiescalar y multidimensional que optimiza el debate académico sobre aproximaciones renovadas en cuestiones de vivienda y periferia.

  • English

    This Thesis approaches the knowledge of the space logics of the ways of urban growth of an area from Cordoba´s city periphery, through the study of urban formation and transformation processes which took place between the years 1985 and 2015. The approach is made from the perspective that considers the individual housing as the reproduction piece of the urban space and formulates the construction of the object of study from the binomial that constitutes house and periphery. In relation to this, the research proposes the development of investigations concerning two specific topics: that of the periphery as a whole and that of the individual housing as a unit. Each one requires specific research since their thematic lines are different, both for their implications and for their scales of approach. The line of research referring to the periphery is related to the urban planning discipline and that corresponding to housing is a fundamental field of architecture. This Thesis aims to articulate both topics from approaches that consider the neighborhood unit or urban fragment –which groups and contains individual housing– as the urban piece of construction of the urban space, between and articulating both housing and periphery.

    Therefore, the starting point affirms that the logics of spatial organization of the unit (urban fragment) compose the whole (periphery); and the hypothesis that guides the development of the research states that the projection logics of the neighborhood pieces allow to demonstrate the physical characteristics of organization and urban configuration of the periphery; and that the interpretation of the residential typologies explains its spatial aspects.

    The general objective that guides the methodological and operational organization of this Thesis is to demonstrate how the composition of the unit (neighborhood) builds the whole (periphery).

    The proposal is based on a spatial focused research perspective that, according to Edward Soja (2008), arises from the construction of an analytical method of testing of an urbanism centered on the parts, pieces and elements (Solà-Morales i Rubió:2003, Panerai and Mangin:2002) that make up the spatial organization of the unit (fragment) that builds the whole. In relation to this, the organization of this Thesis is structured in three parts. The first two parts contain the development of two chapters, one referred to the thematic implications of the urban scale that addresses the peripheral spatial unit, and the other to the neighborhood and residential scale that implies the urban fragment or residential neighborhood of individual housing for working classes. The third part contains one chapter and the conclusions.

    In the first part of the thesis, the theoretical and operational contents of urbanism and architecture were developed throughout chapters one and two, around the central themes of the research:

    periphery, neighborhood and individual housing. A theoretical corpus was built on the state of the question in relation to the formation, shaping and spatial transformation of the peripheries during the time covered by the research; and on the origin and contexts of formation and transformation of the phenomenon of housing production for the working classes.

    In the second part of the chapters three and four, the contents referred to the field denominated in this Thesis as external aspects –ideations and decisions– are developed and to those denominated as specific or spatial –material actions– which determined the processes of formation, conformation and spatial transformation of urban growth in the southwestern residential periphery of the city during the time covered by the research.

    In relation to this, the analytical openings corresponding to the interpretation of urbanistic and architectural approaches and theories that influenced the decisions that were made and the actions were developed in the space of the southwest residential periphery of the city and in the planning of the residential neighborhood for individual housing between 1985 and 2015 were deployed. In relation to this, the analytical openings of theories and practices –both urbanistic and architectural– that influenced the decisions that were made and the actions that were developed in the space of the southwest periphery of the city and in the design of the residential neighbourhood of individual housing during the time that the research covers are deployed.

    This thesis studied the planning, housing policy and urban planning ordinances and regulations that influenced the processes of spatial formation of the periphery and residential neighborhoods.

    A historiographical corpus was elaborated on the southwestern territorial area of the city of Córdoba, which constitutes a contribution to the knowledge of the proposed subject matter and establishes the specific bases in relation to the urbanistic aspects covered by the research topic.

    This material and the field trips confirmed the formulations on the protagonism of the urban fragment as the piece that builds the periphery, and in relation to this, the selection of neighborhoods that conformed the representative sample of analysis units that compose the case study was made. The selection includes the types and quantities of individual housing plans (A) and lots (B) by time periods (1, 2, 3) and studies the characteristics of housing production in the periphery.

    In the third part of the Thesis, specific studies were deployed on each unit of analysis that make up the case study, based on the decomposition of each unit into its parts, pieces and elements in order to identify the forms of urbanization, of the predominant plotting and building on the one hand, and those of types of urban location on the other. The aim is to determine which are the attributes of predominant composition determine the spatial logics of the forms of peripheral growth.

    Mutations and permanencies were recognized, on which parts or elements they are manifested and how they are superimposed on the territory to configure the urbanistic warp that develops over time. The problems produced by the disadjustments and disarticulations between processes of ideation, decision and materialization were verified, and which represent one of the greatest weaknesses that condition the formal processes of the spontaneous spatial growth of the periphery.

    It concluded with the formulation of the types of neighborhoods that determine the types of spatial logic of the periphery at each of its formative stages, describe the future trends of growth if the modalities studied continue to be replicated, and explained their consequences. In relation to this, this Thesis, in accordance with the perspectives of the approaches developed and the analytical openings made, constitutes a contribution to knowledge as a multiscale and multidimensional alternative that optimizes the dynamics of academic debate jointly on issues of housing and the periphery.