Oportunitats de la nanocel·lulosa bacteriana en l'àmbit de la salut: Usos com a suport cel·lular, apòsit corneal i reforç de teixits
- Autores: Irene Anton Sales
- Directores de la Tesis: Anna Laromaine Sagué (dir. tes.), Anna Roig Serra (codir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ( España ) en 2021
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Carmen Sofia Rocha Freire (presid.), Ricardo Casaroli Marano (secret.), Aldo Ferrari (voc.)
- Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia de Materiales por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
- Materias:
- Enlaces
- Tesis en acceso abierto en: TDX
- Resumen
The multidisciplinary field of biomaterials science incessantly innovates towards personalized and bio-interactive platforms to comply with the complex demands of modern medicine. To do so, biomaterial scientists turn to nature for inspiration as well as to profit from biofabricated structures. The recent launch of nanocellulose patches synthesized by bacterial cultures as wound dressings is illustrative of this renewed interest in naturally occurring polymers intended for medical use. Despite this breakthrough, the potential of bacterial nanocellulose in healthcare remains underexploited as this biological but animal-free polymer exhibits a unique combination of properties and almost unlimited design possibilities.
In this dissertation, novel medical uses of bacterial nanocellulose are investigated. Moreover, I provide insight into the interactions between this emerging biomaterial and a series of biological systems. The starting point of the research has been a literature review and a series of interviews with healthcare professionals, which enabled us the identification of niche opportunities for bacterial nanocellulose. Some of the most appealing research directions have been addressed experimentally, constituting the main body of the work. First, the usage of bacterial nanocellulose films as vehicles for cell transplantation has been thoroughly addressed. Model cells served to prove the suitability of the supports to seed, expand, and manipulate cell cultures and to directly cryopreserve adherent cells. Then, the utility of bacterial nanocellulose membranes as cell carriers is extended to therapeutic cells specifically addressed to regenerate the ocular surface, i.e. limbal stem cells. In this case, the surface of the bacterial nanocellulose was coated with extracellular matrix proteins through a plasma-enabled method to enhance cell attachment.
A second innovative use of bacterial nanocellulose in ophthalmology is established by proving the potential of this biopolymer as a corneal bandage to assist the healing of ocular surface lesions. This proof-of-concept has been performed in close cooperation with ophthalmologists and the properties of the proposed bandages are compared to the current gold standard for ocular surface healing (amniotic membrane).
Lastly, bacterial nanocellulose patches are assessed as anti-adhesion barriers in the surgical management of hernias, seeking to mitigate the long-lasting challenge of adhesion-related post-operative complications. This study was performed in collaboration with a medical device manufacturer and evidenced enticing mechanical and anti-adhesion properties of bacterial nanocellulose in vivo.
Altogether, the presented data reaffirms the potential of bacterial nanocellulose as a multi-purpose biomaterial and sets the basis to extend the applicability landscape of this emergent bio-based material in multiple directions. The doctoral thesis is presented as a compilation of peer-reviewed articles that the author has led.
