Resumen de Euskal musika popularraren komunikazioa: Generoa, lurraldetasuna eta hizkuntza 1990etik 2019rako abestietan
- euskara
Musika gizartea eraldatzeko gaitasuna duen adierazpen kulturala da. Komunikazioaren bidez, gizakien umorean, izaeran eta identitateetan eragiten du. Kanta batek dantzan jar gaitzake egun jakin batean, eta negarrari eustea oztopa diezaguke beste edozeinetan, musikak balio emozional handia baitu. Boteretsua da uztartzen dituen komunikazio-dimentsio guztiei esker: erritmoak, melodiak, isiluneak, instrumentuak, ahotsak¿ eta letrak. Preseski, horretan oinarritzen da lan hau, pop abestien letren komunikazioaren analisian.
Beste garai eta leku batzuetan, lurralde anglosaxoietan batik bat, ohikoa izan da musika popularrak transmititzen dituen ahozko edo idatzizko mezuak aztertzea. Euskal Herrian, aldiz, testu musikatuetan zentratzen diren ikerketak ez dira horren ugariak. Euskal Kantagintza Berriari edota Euskal Rock Erradikalari begiratzea besterik ez dugu historikoki musika mugimendu soziopolitiko gisa ulertu izan dela antzemateko, eta, jakina, ikusteko letren analisi kritikoa ez dela euskal musikaren ikerketan nagusitu den metodoa. Gainera, alorrari buruzko ikerketa-lan gehienen denbora-tartea 1990 ingurura arte iristen da.
Haatik, ikerketa honek beste norabide bat hartu du. Aukera-leihoa ikusita eta historia berriari ekarpena egin nahian, zera galdetu diogu gure buruari: zer komunikatu du euskal musika popularrak azken hiru hamarkadetan? Hala, eduki analisia gureganatuta, 1990etik 2019ra bitarteko 301 abestiren hitzak aztertu ditugu, urtetik urtera Gaztea irratian entzun ahal izan diren arrakastatsu edo ospetsuenak.
Metodo kualitatiboari jarraiki, analisiak hiru alderdi bereizten ditu: abestiaren edukia edo gaiak, sailkapena egiteko; letren diskurtso edo jarrerak; eta sinbologia. Gainera, eta denboraren bilakaeraz gain, hiru aldagai nagusi jorratu ditugu ikerketan zehar: generoa, lurraldea eta hizkuntza. Horrela, esaterako, mahaigaineratu ahal izan dugu zer nolako irudia transmititzen den emakumeari buruz, zeintzuk diren harreman erromantiko-afektiboei heltzeko moduak, zeintzuk diren euskal musika definitzen lagun dezaketen ezaugarriak eta zein izan den euskararen rola lurraldeko mainstream musikaren azken 30 urteetan.
- English
Music is a cultural expression with the capacity for social transformation. Its communication affects people¿s mood, personality, and human identity. In fact, songs can make us dance one day and cry the next. Its power lies in its communication-dimensions: rhythms, melodies, silences, instruments, voices, and lyrics. This work is based, precisely, on the analysis of the communication of pop song lyrics.
In other times and places, especially in Anglo-Saxon areas, it has been common to analyse the written messages conveyed by popular music. At the Basque Country, however, there has not been much research into musical texts. One only has to look at Euskal Kantagintza Berria (New Basque Song) or Euskal Rock Erradikala (Basque Radical Rock) to see that music has historically been understood as a socio-political movement and that critical analysis of lyrics has not been a dominant method. Moreover, the analysed period of most research on Basque music dates back to around 1990.
Nevertheless, this study has taken a different direction. Looking at the window of opportunity and trying to contribute to the recent history, we asked ourselves what Basque popular music has communicated in the last three decades. Thus, by using content analysis, we have analysed the lyrics of 301 songs released between 1990 and 2019, the most successful or famous ones that have been broadcasted year after year in Gaztea radio station.
Following the qualitative method, the analysis distinguishes three aspects: the content of the song or the themes through which they can be classified, the discourses or attitudes of the lyrics, and the symbology used in different verses. In addition to the evolution through those decades, three main variables have been taken into account throughout the study: gender, territory, and language. In this way, we have been able to bring up, for example, the image of women that the songs convey, what are the ways of approaching romantic-affective relationships, what are the characteristics that can help to define Basque music, and what has been the role of Euskara in the last 30 years of Basque mainstream music.
