Essays on gender and immigration in the EU labor markets
- Autores: Amaia Palencia Esteban
- Directores de la Tesis: Olga Cantó Sánchez (dir. tes.), Coral del Río Otero (dir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universidade de Vigo ( España ) en 2022
- Idioma: inglés
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Carlos Manuel Gradín Lago (presid.), Elena Bárcena Martín (secret.), Mariña Bárcena Martín (voc.)
- Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Análisis Económico y Estrategia Empresarial por la Universidad de A Coruña; la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela y la Universidad de Vigo
- Materias:
- Enlaces
- Tesis en acceso abierto en: Investigo
- Resumen
- español
Esta tesis doctoral contribuye al continuo debate sobre el análisis de la segregación ocupacional y sus consecuencias, presentando tres estudios que contribuyen al análisis empírico de este fenómeno en la Unión Europea. En concreto, el trabajo se estructura en tres capítulos. En el primero de ellos, además de estudiar la segregación ocupacional por razones de género y estatus migratorio en 20 países europeos, se realizan análisis contrafactuales para determinar si las características de la población inmigrante explican las diferencias entre países. El objetivo central de la segunda parte es ampliar y profundizar el anterior análisis. Para ello se examinan las consecuencias económicas y de bienestar que tiene la segregación ocupacional para hombres y mujeres nativos e inmigrantes, centrándonos en comprender el origen de las diferencias geográficas. Finalmente, en el tercer capítulo nos abstraemos de la perspectiva comparativa de los primeros capítulos y realizamos un estudio de caso. En particular, estudiamos el caso español para explotar su reciente ola migratoria y la sobrerrepresentación de inmigrantes en el sector doméstico. De esto modo, analizamos el efecto de la inmigración en la brecha laboral entre mujeres y hombres nativos, resaltando su papel como cuidadores de menores y sustitutos del trabajo doméstico de las mujeres.
- English
Beyond the individual characteristics of people, such as their educational level or work experience, their insertion in the labor market depends, to a large extent, on the social group in which they have been categorized. Being a woman or a man, having black or white skin, being born in one country or another, etc. are features in terms of which individuals tend to be classified, and belonging to one group or another gives them privileges or, on the contrary, disadvantages. For this reason, labor disparities due to gender and immigration status are relevant aspects to be studied. This thesis raises the analysis of the social hierarchy that exists in European labor markets by reason of gender and migratory status. On the one hand, it aims to explore occupational segregation, which covers different aspects and includes not only occupational segregation, which will be the focus of much of the analysis, but also sectoral segregation, by type of contract or working day, among others. On the other hand, this thesis will also address the wage mobility of our target groups to have a dynamic perspective of how the Great Recession has affected their employment situation. In this multi-group context, in which people are socially categorized, defining the segregation of a group (as opposed to global segregation) is especially relevant. The measures developed in Alonso-Villar and Del Río (2010) allow to determine the segregation of each target group separately, without having to make binary comparisons. Thanks to these measures, it is straightforward to hierarchize the groups according to their segregation, as the index used will give a unique value for each one of them. In addition, several of these indices are consistent with total segregation indices that exist in the literature. But knowing if a group is more or less concentrated in some occupations or in others does not allow to clarify if this is something beneficial or harmful in itself, since this will depend on the quality of occupations in which the group tends to have a greater presence or, on the contrary, an underrepresentation. In other words, it is important to analyze the economic consequences that an unequal distribution by occupations can have for a group. In this direction, several measures have recently been proposed in the literature (Del Río and Alonso-Villar, 2015, Alonso-Villar and Del Río, 2017) and will be used in this thesis. Thus, the measures we will use in this thesis will allow us to quantify the economic consequences, either in monetary terms or in terms of objective welfare, that the different occupational distributions, which depend on their quality, have on the target groups. Regarding the analysis of the wage mobility of our target groups during the Great Recession, this thesis will make use of a novel class of mobility measures, recently proposed by Bárcena and Cantó (2018). This strategy will make it possible to quantify the mobility "upwards" and "downwards" of the salaries of each of the groups, which are defined according to their sex and immigration status. ALONSO-VILLAR, Olga y DEL RÍO, Coral (2010): “Local versus overall segregation measures”, Mathematical Social Sciences, 60: 30-38 ALONSO-VILLAR, Olga y DEL RÍO, Coral (2017): “Local segregation and wellbeing”, The Review of Income and Wealth, 63 (2): 269-287. BÁRCENA, Elena y CANTÓ, Olga (2018): "A simple subgroup decomposable measure of upward and downward income mobility", mimeo. DEL RÍO, Coral y ALONSO-VILLAR, Olga (2015): “The evolution of occupational segregation in the U.S., 1940-2010: The gains and losses of gender-race/ethnicgroups”, Demography, 52 (3): 967-988.
- español
