Role of mir-99a-5p in breast cancer: translating molecular findings into clinical tools
- Autores: Iris Garrido Cano
- Directores de la Tesis: Ramón Martínez Máñez (dir. tes.), Pilar Eroles Asensio (dir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de València ( España ) en 2021
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Gema Moreno Bueno (presid.), María José Bañuls Polo (secret.), Carminia Maria Della Corte (voc.)
- Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnología por la Universitat Politècnica de València
- Materias:
- Enlaces
- Tesis en acceso abierto en: RiuNet
- Resumen
This PhD thesis, entitled "Role of miR-99a-5p in breast cancer: translating molecular findings into clinical tools" is focused on the study of the microRNA miR-99a-5p in breast cancer and in determining its potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker for the diagnosis of this disease.
In the first chapter, a general review of breast cancer is carried out and microRNAs are also introduced. Next, in the second chapter, the objectives are detailed.
In the third chapter, the microRNA expression profile of a doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell line was compared with its parental cell line, leading to the identification of the microRNA miR-99a-5p as the most deregulated between the two of them. Subsequently, it was confirmed that miR-99a-5p increases drug sensitivity through directly targeting COX-2, which leads to the inhibition of the expression of the ABCG2 protein, widely described to be involved in drug resistance. Based on the obtained results, nanodevices based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles were designed for the combined release of miR-99a-5p and doxorubicin in tumors. The ability of the systems to specifically target the CD44 receptor, which is overexpressed in breast cancer tumors, as well as to release the cargo specifically after internalization, were tested in vitro. Furthermore, the efficacy of the nanoparticles to reduce tumor growth and the adverse effects associated with free doxorubicin was confirmed in a murine orthotopic model of breast cancer.
In the fourth chapter, the potential of miR-99a-5p as a biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer was evaluated. First, microRNA expression was determined in primary breast cancer tumors and compared with healthy tissues. The results showed that miR-99a-5p is downregulated in breast cancer tissues. Next, to determine the potential of the microRNA as a minimally invasive biomarker, the expression levels of miR-99a-5p in plasma of breast cancer patients and healthy donors were determined. In this case, it was found that miR-99a-5p is at higher concentrations in the plasma of breast cancer patients. These results were validated in an independent cohort. Through the ROC curve analysis, it was confirmed that miR-99a-5p is useful as a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer even at early stages.
The fifth chapter focus on the design and validation of a biosensor based on nanoporous alumina supports for the detection of miR-99a-5p in plasma. The pores of the alumina plate were loaded with the fluorescent indicator rhodamine B, and oligonucleotides with a sequence complementary to the miR-99a-5p were used as molecular gates able to maintain fluorophores inside the pores. In the presence of miR-99a-5p, the capping oligonucleotide is displaced, leading to the opening of the pores and the release of rhodamine B, which is subsequently optically detected. The specificity and high sensitivity of the biosensor were confirmed. Furthermore, the efficiency of the device to detect breast cancer even at early stages was confirmed using plasma samples from breast cancer patients and healthy controls.
Finally, chapters five and six present the general discussion and conclusions. In conclusion, this PhD thesis demonstrates that miR-99a-5p is a molecule with potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker for breast cancer, and it could be useful to improve the prognosis of patients. It has been elucidated that one of the mechanisms by which miR-99a-5p is involved in doxorubicin sensitivity is through the regulation of the COX-2/ABCG2 axis. Furthermore, nanoparticles designed for the combined administration of miR-99a-5p and doxorubicin are presented as a tool with great potential for cancer treatment and could be useful for the administration of microRNAs as therapy. Finally, taking advantage of the potential of miR-99a-5p as a diagnostic biomarker, a detection system has been developed and could be a useful tool to improve early detection of breast cancer.
