Desenvolupament i aplicació de plataformes innovadores d'biosensado en el punt d'atenció

• Autores: Amadeo Sena Torralba
• Directores de la Tesis: Ruslan Raulevich Álvarez Diduk (dir. tes.), Arben Merkoçi (codir. tes.)
• Lectura: En la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ( España ) en 2020
• Idioma: español
• ISBN: 9788449097157
• Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: C. Nogués i (presid.), María Guix Noguera (secret.), Can Dincer (voc.)
• Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnología por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
• Enlaces
  • Tesis en acceso abierto en: TDX
• Resumen

  • The objective of this thesis has been the development and application of innovative biosensing platforms at the point of care. The thesis is divided into five chapters followed by a section of general conclusions. Chapter 1 begins with a general introduction to the concepts of biosensors and point-of-care biosensing. Then, it focuses on one of the most successful point-of-care tests: the lateral flow test (LFA). Key aspects of the assay, such as components and reagents, manufacturing and operating procedures are covered in depth. The chapter continues with a review of the current challenges LFA has faced and the most relevant improvements reported in recent years. Chapter 2 briefly describes the objectives that motivated this work. Chapter 3 introduces a new detection platform (PEB) that combines the key features of a lateral flow assay, the most widely used point-of-care test, with the capabilities of electrophoresis sample treatment. In particular, the ability of PEB to separate different types of particles and detect human IgG antibodies in untreated blood samples is demonstrated. Finally, to make the platform applicable at the point of care, PEB is combined with a smartphone that controls the electrophoresis and reads the generated optical signal. Chapter 4 explains a simple, low-cost strategy to improve the analytical performance of LFAs. By using soluble wax barriers, nanoparticles temporarily accumulate at the top of the detection line (TL). This extended internal incubation step promotes immunocomplex formation, generating improved sensitivity and signal compared to conventional LFA detection for human IgG (H-IgG). Chapter 5 presents a point-of-care detection platform consisting of a microtube and two pieces of fiberglass. The detection principle is based on Förster resonance energy transfer using gold nanoclusters as a signal indicator and antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles as a quencher. The platform has been validated for the detection of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in river and tap water, demonstrating high sensitivity.