Laboratory experimental procedures for the compression and shear characterisation of historical brick masonry
- Autores: Jorge Segura Domingo
- Directores de la Tesis: Pere Roca Fabregat (dir. tes.), Luca Pela (codir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2020
- Idioma: español
- Materias:
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- Resumen
Masonry has been used for millennia to build all sort of constructions. As a result, a significant part of the building stock around the world is made of masonry. In the need of structural assessment, structural analysis tools, as well as strength criteria proposed in building codes, require the knowledge of the mechanical properties of the materials.
However, the mechanical characterisation of masonry is still difficult and challenging, due to its composite nature and its complex mechanical behaviour. In fact, it is possible to find contradictions among standards, lack of definition for certain procedures, or even lack of standards for certain tests.
This thesis aims to contribute with the critical analysis of some of these testing procedures and provide possible improvements for a specific type of masonry. Four lines of research have been identified, which cover tests in laboratory and in situ to characterise the behaviour in compression and in shear. The specific type of masonry on which the experimental campaigns are carried out is the traditional type of brickwork that was extensively used in Barcelona during the 19th and 20th c. In spite of its relevance, this type of masonry is in need of further characterisation.
A preliminary research was necessary to find a historical-like mortar with a relatively fast hardening and low mechanical properties. The modification of hydraulic lime based commercial mortars with the addition of limestone filler is investigated. Small amounts of filler enhance the mechanical properties of the mortar. High amounts of filler reduce the mortars’ strengths and make it suitable to replicate historical-like masonry in laboratory.
The first line of research on testing procedures covered the compressive characterisation of masonry on prismatic standard specimens. European and American standards differ in the type of specimen to consider, running bond walls and stack bond prisms, respectively. This work compares experimental results obtained from both types of specimen and also obtained from two types of loading, monotonic and cyclic.
The second line of research involves an experimental campaign that investigates the possibility of using 90 mm cylinders extracted from existing walls to characterise the compressive behaviour of masonry. Four examples of masonry have been investigated, including cylinders extracted from three existing buildings of Barcelona. The results obtained with 90 mm cylinders compare well to those obtained with the well-known 150 mm cylinders.
The third line of research deals with the characterisation of the shear response of masonry in laboratory. The standard triplet specimen consisting of three units and two mortar joints present some interpretation problems related to the non-simultaneous failure of the two joints. This experimental campaign studies the possibility of using couplet specimens of only one mortar joint to determine the shear parameters. For the two types of brickwork investigated, couplets provide higher estimations of the shear parameters with respect to triplets.
The last line of research investigates the diagonal compression test, a testing procedure applicable both in situ and in laboratory for shear characterisation. First, an experimental campaign is presented. The experimental results are used to calibrate a numerical model, which is applied to investigate the actual states of stresses and to find correlating coefficients between the test results and the mechanical properties of masonry. The combination of all the former researches provides a set of reference values for the mechanical properties of the traditional brickwork of Barcelona. Nevertheless, the scientific findings, methods, and criteria presented in this thesis, even if derived for a specific type of brickwork, may be of application for the characterisation of other types of masonry around the world.
