Resumen de Nuevo modelo de peaje urbano vinculado a una segregación del tráfico por niveles de calidad
Urban tolls are nowadays one of the most promising instruments to regulate the entry of vehicles into cities, given the flexibility and versatility granted by the available technology. Although, initially, they represent a high degree of social disappointment, in cities such as Singapore, London or Stockholm, they have been shown to intervene successfully in the reduction of car traffic and transfer the externalities generated by vehicles to users, reducing the problems of congestion and environmental deterioration of its centres. Hence the interest of knowing the results of the existing international experience, so in the first part of this thesis we will review the main cities where they have been applied.
Current European directives allow, to some extent, to apply regulated tariffs, specifically designed to reduce traffic congestion and fight against its environmental externalities. That is why more and more cities use this instrument to manage the demand for mobility. Achieving public acceptance for its implementation is not easy, although experience shows that it is possible due to the environmental improvements and congestion reduction generated in the medium and long term. In any case, it is essential to integrate the income generated by the urban toll in the improvement of the public transport systems.
The current urban toll rate schemes are usually either of the cord or area type. In both schemes, users usually pay a flat rate for entering the city. In these schemes, the user does not have a free alternative and must pay a fee that does not fit the actual use of urban infrastructure. This thesis aims to propose a new urban toll model that, in addition to helping to reduce congestion and pollution in cities, allows its users to enjoy a better service of the urban road network and pay only for its actual use. We demonstrate that the suggested new model is socioeconomically and financially sustainable using the resources it generates in improving the mobility of cities.
The constant technological evolution allows a relatively easy implementation of the new urban toll system. The future is the total connection of the car with its surroundings. The toll for satellite positioning combined with the development of C-V2X communications and the deployment of 5G networks opens the door to new urban charging schemes that allow the development of this new proposal urban toll.
In the last part of the document, we suggest how to implement the new urban toll proposed in the city of Barcelona, analysing its socioeconomic, environmental and financial impact. The document closes with some global conclusions and proposals for further research.
