Sistemas de evaluación de la vivienda hacia ciudades sostenibles: análisis de su impacto en el edificio y en el entorno urbano
- Autores: Hector Saldaña Márquez
- Directores de la Tesis: José Manuel Vicente Gómez Soberón (dir. tes.), Susana Paola Arredondo Rea (codir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2020
- Idioma: español
- Materias:
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- Resumen
In the last decade, priority attention has been directed towards obtaining sustainability in housing; which, has been pointed out as an entity capable of mitigating the environmental problems caused in urban centers. The relationship between it and the city is inherent, so the repercussions that a given urban environment can have on given housing construction, or vice versa, should be considered by any evaluation process carried out in the residential sector. However, the current situation of the housing sustainability rating systems (HSRS) shows that there is an apparent deviation towards obtaining energy efficiency, which, from the perspective addressed in this thesis, hinders the obtaining of a more holistic assessment than increasing the sustainable development of cities. In the light of the foregoing, the main objective of this document was to assist in the achievement of a more robust assessment of housing sustainability, as well as in achieving a broader understanding of the problems known in the current mechanisms of evaluation and in the nexus housing-city, in order to obtain an approximation to the question of whether the use of existing HSRSs, contributes to the development of sustainable cities in a way consistent with the meaning of sustainability. To achieve the objective, the status of the HSRSs with the more significant application and dissemination in the international ambit was analyzed, as well as the criteria implicit in their indicators, and the impact that their use has on the building and the urban environment. The document is presented in the form of a compendium of publications, so that the methodological aspects contain different implications, having the comparative approach as a common characteristic. In this, the analyzes included the HSRSs: Passivhaus, BREEAM, LEED, GBI, AQUA-HQE, BEST, CASA, BERDE, Green Homes, and LOTUS, as well as the Mexican funding program for housing solutions. On the other hand, each one of the exposed articles presents environments or issues that address considerable gaps in the existing knowledge. In the first article, the feasibility of using the Passivhaus standard in the Mediterranean climate was analyzed. In this, although the results indicate that the application of the criteria of the standard is profitable, and allows to reduce energy demands and CO2 emissions, it was observed that the indicators used have a minimal or even non-existent contribution to the urban environs; In the second article, the results of the evaluations carried out through the most internationally recognized HSRSs are shown, in different homes built under the Mexican funding program for housing solutions. Among the main findings, it was pointed out that the evaluation model of the Mexican program, which prioritizes aspects of the urban environment over the rest of the parameters considered, may represent a new paradigm towards the achievement of sustainable social housing; in the third article a comparative analysis of the housing indicators used by the HSRSs of single-family homes was carried out; in which, the residential urban environment influences the housing certification scores. The results revealed that the percentage of influence that these can achieve through these indicators is relatively low. Besides, a significant absence of these indicators was found for the evaluation of mandatory criteria, and that, the established methodology could be useful for the search and definition of new sustainable indicators. Finally, it is intended that the results implicit in this thesis promote urban sustainability through the construction and evaluation of the new and existing housing stock, which will facilitate obtaining sustainable cities.
