Variabilidad espacial en relaciones planta-polinizador: consecuencias en la función polinizadora
- Autores: Sara Reverté Saiz
- Directores de la Tesis: Jordi Bosch (dir. tes.), Anselm Rodrigo Domínguez (dir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ( España ) en 2020
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Amparo Lázaro Castillo (presid.), Néstor Pérez Méndez (secret.), Denis Michez (voc.)
- Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Ecología Terrestre por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
- Materias:
- Enlaces
- Tesis en acceso abierto en: TESEO
- Resumen
Patterns of spatial variation in species communities have been usually studied at large spatial scales, comparing different habitats, where the distribution of species is mostly related to environmental factors. However, even within a habitat is possible to find important levels of spatial variability at the local scale. Variability in species occurrence and abundance across space will affect interaction structure because species differ in their functional traits and therefore in the number and identity of species with which they may interact. Furthermore, within-habitat spatial heterogeneity in species community structure may have far-reaching ecological and evolutionary consequences because variability in the spatial distribution of the species affects the functioning of ecosystems. Pollination is a key function in terrestrial ecosystems, with almost 90% of the angiosperm species depending on animal pollinators for sexual reproduction. The general objective of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between plant-pollinator community structure, ecological function, and interaction patterns across space. First, we aim to highlight the degree of spatial variation at the local scale in a plant-pollinator community across a uniform habitat and to understand the deterministic factors affecting this variation. For this purpose we analyse the spatial heterogeneity of a community of flowering plants and their pollinators within an uninterrupted Mediterranean scrubland. Also, since the study area is a honey producing area we want to know whether wild pollinator communities were affected by honey bee abundance. We show that, in spite of the apparent physiognomic uniformity, both flowers and pollinators display high levels of heterogeneity, resulting in a mosaic of idiosyncratic local communities. Resources appear to be non-limiting, and honey bee visitation rate did not affect the distribution of the wild pollinator community. Overall, our results show that the spatial variation of the flower community is not the main predictor of the pollinator community, indicating that other factors besides flower community composition are important to explain pollinator distribution at the local scale. Second, we take advantage of the spatial variability in local pollinator community across the same Mediterranean scrubland and analyse its effects on pollination function and reproductive success in the gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris. Pollen deposition is affected by pollinator assemblage structure and composition in both morphs, but we found no effect of the pollinator assemblage on plant reproductive success in either of the two morphs, showing that pollination appears to be adequate in most of the populations sampled. Our study shows that local variation in pollinator composition may have important consequences on pollination function, especially on plants that are more dependent on pollinators. Finally, we aim to establish whether there is a relationship between floral traits and pollinator visitation in natural communities, specifically focusing on floral colour. Although pollinators show innate colour preferences, the view that the colour of a flower may be considered an important predictor of its main pollinators is highly controversial because flower choice is highly context-dependent. We found consistent associations between pollinator groups and certain colours, and these associations matched predictions of the pollination syndrome theory. However, flowers with similar colours did not attract similar pollinator assemblages. The explanation for this paradoxical result is that most flower species are pollinator generalists. We conclude that although pollinator colour preferences seem to condition plant–pollinator interactions, the selective force behind these preferences has not been strong enough to mediate the appearance and maintenance of tight colour-based plant–pollinator associations.
