Resumen de La lengua de Mateo Alemán: estudio lingüístico e ideológico
- español
A pesar de la importancia de Mateo Alemán como autor literario del Siglo de Oro, no existe un estudio en torno a la lengua que reflejan sus textos. Este es el objetivo de esta tesis. Tras la publicación en 2012 de la edición de D. Luis Gómez Canseco del Guzmán de Alfarache y de La Obra Completa en 2014 editada por Pedro Piñero y Katharina Niemeyer se hacía necesario ahondar en los textos de un autor tan preocupado por su lengua como para escribir una ortografía. A lo largo del siglo XVI son numerosas las reflexiones en torno a la lengua por parte de muy diversos autores. El espíritu humanista que imperaba entre los sabios de la época propició el desarrollo de las artes, las ciencias y las letras, y con ello la reflexión sobre la lengua que utilizaban. Así, estos tratados lingüísticos sobre lengua castellana eran una loa al castellano como lengua de cultura frente al latín, la lengua vehicular durante la Edad Media y la Modernidad Temprana. Entre los autores literarios del momento con una conciencia lingüística expresa encontramos el caso excepcional de Mateo Alemán, autor de la Ortografía Castellana , muchas veces olvidada frente a su obra más conocida, el Guzmán de Alfarache . Varios factores hacen de este caso uno de especial interés: Alemán la publica al final de su vida, en México, después del éxito del Guzmán, y ha sido considerada como el primer intento notable de reforma de la ortografía castellana. Por tanto, y teniendo en cuenta que Alemán es sevillano, nos encontramos con un individuo lingüístico singular que crea, a su vez, a un personaje con una idiosincrasia igualmente particular, Guzmán: un narrador protagonista de clase social baja, que realiza un viaje por toda España hasta llegar a Italia, hablando por el camino con gente de diversas procedencias y formas de hablar. A ello se le une que Alemán vivió en el momento en que las variedades diatópicas sevillanas pierden el prestigio que adquirieron con el descubrimiento de América frente a las variedades madrileñas y vallisoletanas, habladas en las sedes de la capitalidad española. Este factor es fundamental en el impacto que tuviera su Ortografía y su uso lingüístico en general entre otros eruditos de su época. Este estudio, además de suponer un avance en los estudios de la historia del español en los siglos XVI y XVII, aporta una visión nueva al tener en cuenta las dimensiones sociolingüísticas del hablante Mateo Alemán: un hombre que vivió en Sevilla, Madrid, Lisboa y México, que contempló el cambio lingüístico y la evolución dialectal originados por la colonización de América, que en cierta manera fue partícipe de ello y que, sobre todo, tuvo la posibilidad de reflejar por escrito su pensamiento lingüístico. La finalidad de esta tesis es analizar la lengua, los usos lingüísticos, del escritor de los siglos XVI y XVII Mateo Alemán, autor del Guzmán de Alfarache y la Ortografía Castellana, entre otras obras. Los objetivos de esta investigación son: 1. Enmarcar las ideas lingüísticas de Mateo Alemán dentro de su época. 2. Observar las relaciones que tiene su Ortografía con reflexiones lingüísticas anteriores y posteriores. 3. Estudiar en qué medida lleva su conciencia lingüística a la escritura de su obra, incluyendo el Guzmán de Alfarache. 4. Explicar las características fonéticas, fonológicas, morfológicas, sintácticas, léxicas, semánticas y pragmáticas de la lengua de Mateo Alemán, así como la caracterización diatópica, diastrática y diafásica de la misma. 5. Analizar la lengua de Mateo Alemán en relación con los usos lingüísticos de su época, comparándola con los datos obtenidos a partir de otros estudios de corpus de la lengua de estas fechas. 6. Establecer un estado sincrónico de la lengua en los textos de Mateo Alemán, ofreciendo un panorama en relación con su contexto cultural. Determinar la importancia de sus usos lingüísticos en la constitución de su literatura.
- English
Although Mateo Alemán was an important literary author of the Spanish Golden Age, there are no studies about the language of his texts. This is the objective of this doctoral dissertation. After the publication in 2012 of the new edition of Guzmán de Alfarache edited by D. Luis Gómez Canseco and of La Obra Completa in 2014 edited by Pedro Piñero and Katharina Niemeyer, it was necessary to explore the texts of an author who was so concerned about his language that he wrote an Orthography. Throughout the 16th century there were multiple works on language by several authors. The humanist philosophy that prevailed among the scholars of the period favoured the development of the arts, sciences and literature, and with it the discussion concerning the language they speaked. Thus, these linguistic essays about the Spanish language were a praise of Spanish as a language of culture against Latin, the vehicular language during the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age. Among the literary authors of this period with an express linguistic awareness we find the exceptional case of Mateo Alemán, author of the Ortografía Castellana , often forgotten in contrast to his best recognized work, the Guzmán de Alfarache . This work has great interest due to several reasons: Alemán published it at the end of his life, in Mexico, after the sucess of Guzmán, and it has been considered as the first notable attempt to reform the Spanish orthography Therefore, and taking into account that Alemán is from Seville, we find a singular spanish speaker and writer who creates, in turn, a character with a particular idiosyncrasy, Guzmán: a narrator-protagonist from a low social class, who travels all over Spain until he arrives in Italy and talks along the way with people from diverse origins and different speech styles. In addition, Alemán lived at a moment when Seville's diatopic varieties were losing their prestige with the arrival to America against the Madrid and Valladolid varieties spoken in the Spanish capital. This factor is fundamental in the impact that its Orthography and its linguistic use in general had among other scholars of its century. This work, represents an advance in the study of the history of Spanish in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It also provides a new vision by taking into account the sociolinguistic dimensions of the speaker Mateo Alemán. He was a man who lived in Seville, Madrid, Lisbon and Mexico. He contemplated the linguistic change and the dialectal evolution caused by the colonization of America. In a certain way, he was a part of this and that's the reason why he had the possibility of reflecting his linguistic thought in his work. The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to analyze the language, the linguistic uses of the XVI and XVII century writer Mateo Alemán, author of the Guzmán de Alfarache and the Ortografía Castellana (Castilian Orthography ), among other books. The objectives of this research are: 1. To define Mateo Alemán's linguistic ideas within his period. 2. To observe the relationships that his Orthography has with previous and later linguistic discussions. 3. To study to which degree he applies his linguistic awareness to the writing of his work, including the Guzmán de Alfarache . 4. To explain the phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexical, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the language of Mateo Alemán, as well as its diatopic, diastolic and diaphasic characterization. 5. To analyze the language of Mateo Alemán in regard to the linguistic uses of its period, comparing it with the data obtained from other corpus studies of the language of these decades. 6. To establish a synchronic state of language in the texts of Mateo Alemán, offering a panorama in relation to its cultural context. To determine the importance of its linguistic uses in the constitution of its literature.Although Mateo Alemán was an important literary author of the Spanish Golden Age, there are no studies about the language of his texts. This is the objective of this doctoral dissertation. After the publication in 2012 of the new edition of Guzmán de Alfarache edited by D. Luis Gómez Canseco and of La Obra Completa in 2014 edited by Pedro Piñero and Katharina Niemeyer, it was necessary to explore the texts of an author who was so concerned about his language that he wrote an Orthography. Throughout the 16th century there were multiple works on language by several authors. The humanist philosophy that prevailed among the scholars of the period favoured the development of the arts, sciences and literature, and with it the discussion concerning the language they speaked. Thus, these linguistic essays about the Spanish language were a praise of Spanish as a language of culture against Latin, the vehicular language during the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age. Among the literary authors of this period with an express linguistic awareness we find the exceptional case of Mateo Alemán, author of the Ortografía Castellana , often forgotten in contrast to his best recognized work, the Guzmán de Alfarache . This work has great interest due to several reasons: Alemán published it at the end of his life, in Mexico, after the sucess of Guzmán, and it has been considered as the first notable attempt to reform the Spanish orthography Therefore, and taking into account that Alemán is from Seville, we find a singular spanish speaker and writer who creates, in turn, a character with a particular idiosyncrasy, Guzmán: a narrator-protagonist from a low social class, who travels all over Spain until he arrives in Italy and talks along the way with people from diverse origins and different speech styles. In addition, Alemán lived at a moment when Seville's diatopic varieties were losing their prestige with the arrival to America against the Madrid and Valladolid varieties spoken in the Spanish capital. This factor is fundamental in the impact that its Orthography and its linguistic use in general had among other scholars of its century. This work, represents an advance in the study of the history of Spanish in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It also provides a new vision by taking into account the sociolinguistic dimensions of the speaker Mateo Alemán. He was a man who lived in Seville, Madrid, Lisbon and Mexico. He contemplated the linguistic change and the dialectal evolution caused by the colonization of America. In a certain way, he was a part of this and that's the reason why he had the possibility of reflecting his linguistic thought in his work. The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to analyze the language, the linguistic uses of the XVI and XVII century writer Mateo Alemán, author of the Guzmán de Alfarache and the Ortografía Castellana (Castilian Orthography ), among other books. The objectives of this research are: 1. To define Mateo Alemán's linguistic ideas within his period. 2. To observe the relationships that his Orthography has with previous and later linguistic discussions. 3. To study to which degree he applies his linguistic awareness to the writing of his work, including the Guzmán de Alfarache . 4. To explain the phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexical, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the language of Mateo Alemán, as well as its diatopic, diastolic and diaphasic characterization. 5. To analyze the language of Mateo Alemán in regard to the linguistic uses of its period, comparing it with the data obtained from other corpus studies of the language of these decades. 6. To establish a synchronic state of language in the texts of Mateo Alemán, offering a panorama in relation to its cultural context. To determine the importance of its linguistic uses in the constitution of its literature.
