Resumen de Somatization, culture and immigration in primary health care settings: the case of spain
The current international PhD dissertation project is a three-fold research work that aims to critically elaborate on the phenomenon of somatization in primary health care settings among immigrants and natives (total sample N=3,006; immigrants N=1,503 and natives N=1,503) in Spain. The immigrants come from five ethnic/geographical regions: North African, Sub-Saharan, Eastern European, Asian and Latin American. The first study explores the relationship between psychiatric diagnosis and types/frequency of somatic symptoms in the two groups of origin, and further examines whether immigrants are more prone to exhibit more somatic symptoms than native-born Spanish primary health care patients. The second study, attached to the PhD dissertation, includes the further validation of the Barcelona Immigration Stress Scale (BISS) with a view to determine the post-migration risk factors that may condition the mental health of immigrants in the country. The third study provides a nuanced analysis of the predictive factors of somatization in immigrant primary health care patients and native counterparts. The biomedical explanatory model of somatization is contrasted against the culture-specific one, which includes a socio-cultural paradigm of the experience and manifestation of somatic symptoms in primary care. The quantitative analysis of our clinical data has allowed qualitative interpretations of the observed differences in the presentation of somatic symptoms between the two groups. We suggest that the application of psychiatric criteria in primary health care may conclude to rigid diagnoses that do not allow health professionals to understand the meaning-making of the somatic symptoms and may lead to under-recognition or mis-diagnosis of a wide range of culture-specific mental conditions. Our research highlights significant clinical implications informing the factors that influence how medical practitioners reach diagnoses in primary care settings in an increasingly multi-cultural society.
