Assessing sustainability in cities. A complexity science approach to the concept of happiness for the urban environment
- Autores: Ioanna Anna Papachristou
- Directores de la Tesis: Martí Rosas Casals (dir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2019
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Sergi Valverde Castillo (presid.), Karina Gibert Oliveras (secret.), Giulia Sonetti (voc.)
- Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Sostenibilidad por la Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya
- Materias:
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- Resumen
Where we live affects all aspects of our life and thus our happiness. In recent years, and now for more than half of the Earth’s population, our place of residence or activity has been increasingly transformed into an urban one. We start our quest for happiness using bibliometric research to investigate it framework as scientists constructed it during the past years. We detect that while the impact of happiness studies has grown in importance during the last twenty years, happiness-related concepts find it difficult to penetrate the urban studies field of studies. We map the temporal evolution of both happiness and urban studies fields into dynamic networks obtained by paper keywords co-occurrence analysis. We identify the main concepts of “urban happiness” field and their capacity to agglomerate into coherent thematic clusters. We present a one-parameter spatial network model to reproduce the changes in the topology of these networks. Results explain the evolution and the level of interpenetration of these two fields as a function of “conceptual” distances, mapped into Euclidean ones. Complex networks science appears as a valid alternative to other approaches (i.e., co-frequency matrix of bibliometric analysis), and opens the way for the systematic study of other academic fields in terms of complex evolving networks.
We then present a methodology based on Max-Neef, et al. (1991) “human scale development” paradigm to measure current levels of Quality of Life (QoL) for urban environments. We use the fundamental human needs as our study domains. Drawing on the cases of Vila de Gràcia neighbourhood and Virreina square of Barcelona, we assess their fulfilment with a set of questions reflecting the subjective dimension of QoL. We use two consecutive processes to sort questions into needs: a qualitative involving local communities and/or expert groups, and a quantitative involving the definition of weights for each question and per need. We add objective indicators to reflect the objective dimension of QoL. We compare the two dimensions and define an integrative QoL. We identify intervention axes for a potential improvement in the results. We argue that this method can be used to define more holistic urban quality indexes to improve decision making processes, policies and plans. It is a tool to enhance bottom-up approaches and processes of urban analysis to create more liveable places for the dwellers.
Next, we present a methodology based on weighted networks and dependence coefficients aimed at revealing connectivity patterns between categories. Using the same case studies and human needs as our categories we show that diverse spatial levels present different and nontrivial patterns of need emergence. A numerical model indicates that these patterns depend on the probability distribution of weights. We suggest that this way of analysing the connectivity of categories (human needs in our case study) in social and ecological systems can be used to define new strategies to cope with complex processes, such as those related to transition management and governance, urban-making, and integrated planning.
We conclude our journey with applications that show the strength of collective response regarding social matters. We study dwellers perceptions through the following cases: experimental activities in the public space, discourse analysis and reaction on emerging urban phenomena such as the massive migration of population in the Mediterranean during 2015.
