Dietary patterns in the etiology of lymphoid neoplasms
- Autores: Marta Solans
- Directores de la Tesis: Marc Sáez Zafra (dir. tes.), Rafael Marcos Gragera (codir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat de Girona ( España ) en 2019
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: M. Antònia Barceló Rado (presid.), Mª Carmen Martos Jiménez (secret.), Carmen Saurina Canals (voc.)
- Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Biología Molecular, Biomedicina y Salud por la Universidad de Girona
- Materias:
- Enlaces
- Tesis en acceso abierto en: TDX
- Resumen
Diet is a key modifiable risk factor for several neoplasms, but evidence for lymphoid malignancies is still inconsistent. Prior epidemiological studies were mostly focused on single dietary components (i.e. nutrients or food groups), while the role of overall diet has scarcely been studied. This thesis aims to explore the association of up to five dietary patterns and lymphoma risk, using data from two observational studies: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort and the Multicase-control Spain (MCC-Spain) study.
Results from the EPIC study showed that greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet, measured through the adapted relative Mediterranean diet (arMED) score, was modestly associated with a decreased risk of overall lymphoma, but not with any specific histologic subtype. A more pro-inflammatory diet, quantified by the inflammatory score of diet (ISD), was modestly associated with mature B-cell non- Hodgkin lymphoma. Albeit with smaller numbers of cases, both the arMED and ISD showed suggestive (although statistically non-significant) associations with Hodgkin lymphoma. In the MCC-Spain study, we reported a positive lineal association between adherence to a Western dietary pattern and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, independently of rai stage at diagnosis. By contrast, no associations were found with a Mediterranean-like or Prudent dietary patterns.
Overall, our results suggest that dietary patterns may have a modest role in lymphoma etiology. This could partly explain the increasing non-Hodgkin lymphoma incidence trends during the second half of the 20th century, as well as higher rates of lymphoma in westernized regions. These novel findings provide new insights into the possible link between modifiable lifestyle factors and lymphomagenesis, especially for Hodgkin lymphoma, which seems to be a subtype prone to be influenced by dietary exposures. Further large prospective studies with lymphoma subtype-specific data are warranted to confirm these findings.
