Avaluació d'alternatives industrials per a l'obtenció de nous materials que valoritzen residus queratínics
- Autores: Marta Casadesús Fusté
- Directores de la Tesis: Fernando Carrillo Navarrete (dir. tes.), Jorge Macanás de Benito (codir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2019
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Joan Josep Suñol Martínez (presid.), Mònica Ardanuy Raso (secret.), María Jesús Sánchez Martín (voc.)
- Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería Textil y Papelera por la Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya
- Materias:
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- Resumen
Chicken feathers are keratin structures and a poultry industry waste that, accordingly to the current law, are mostly discarded. Approximately 109.056.179 ton were generated on 2017 around the world. Taking into account this massive production and also their chemical and physical properties, keratin fibers that come from chicken feathers (CFs) are regarded as a potentially interesting material for its valorization in various areas. This option would make CFs an ecologic alternative to products that are already sold nowadays.
Due to the increasing demand of sustainable plastic products, the use of CFs as a reinforcement of composite materials with low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) matrixes is regarded, focusing on enhancing the compatibility between the matrix and the reinforcement. In order to achieve this objective, chemical modification of the chicken feathers by either acetylation or silanization were tested with no practical improvements on the properties of the biocomposites. The addition of adhesion promoters like maleated polyethylene and polypropylene was also tested and a significant increase in the tensile strength was noticed.
On the other hand, nonwoven fabrics using CFs are made for acoustic insulation purposes. It is demonstrated that it is possible to fabricate a material with 50 % CFs and 50 % wool (W), with similar acoustic properties to those of a conventional insulation material such as stone wool (SW), even behaving better for frequencies below 2200 Hz. Life cycle assessment studies show that the environmental impacts generally decrease when the amount of CFs increases in those nonwoven materials containing CFs and W, due to the negative impacts associated to the W processing.
Finally, the sorption of Cu2+ using CFs is studied and the results were compared with those obtained for commercial bentonite (BNT). The study of sorption kinetics at pH 4 show that, for low concentrations of Cu2+ (0,2 mM), sorption is greater and faster for CFs (94 %) rather than for BNT (67 %). Nevertheless, at higher metal concentrations (6 mM), BNT show a higher sorption capacity (87 %) than CFs (15 %). Similar results are obtained using CFs for real industrial wastewater.
