Estudio genético, técnicas moleculares y caracterización cualitativa y sensorial del fruto para la selección de nuevas variedades de manzano (m. Domestica borkh.) y peral (p. Communis l., p. Pyrifolia nakai)
- Autores: Lidia Lozano
- Directores de la Tesis: Ignacio Batlle Caravaca (codir. tes.), Ignasi Iglesias i Castellarnau (codir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat de Lleida ( España ) en 2012
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Antonio Michelena Bárcena (presid.), Gemma Echeverría Cortada (secret.), Walter Guerra (voc.), María Luisa Badenes (voc.), María Angeles Moreno (voc.)
- Materias:
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- Resumen
Apple (M. domestica Borkh.) and pear (P. communis L., P. pyrifolia Nakai) are the first and the second economically important Rosaceae species worldwide. It is estimated that there are thousands of pear and apple cultivars, respectively, although only a few dozen are widely grown and have a remarkable economic importance. However, in recent decades there have been significant changes in varietal innovation as the result of the development of different breeding programmes.
The overall objective of this study was the use of different methodologies such as genetic studies of the inheritance of characters, the application of molecular techniques and molecular markers, sensory analysis and qualitative characterization of the fruit for the selection of new varieties of apple and pear.
The inheritance of apple skin colour was determined calculating the genetic parameters and breeding values improved in 15 families derived from apple crosses with a half diallel design. The results indicated that colorimetric characters and the percentage of overall colour of the fruit are highly heritable, showing phenotypic and genotypic high correlation, and are the best to use when selecting high coloured varieties.
Secondly, a study of genome-wide association using a medium-panel density of single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs) was condected. The results identified two markers located on chromosome 9 and 17, respectively, associated with red skin colour in apple. The position of the marker on chromosome 9 suggested that this corresponds to MYB10, major gene (transcription factor) of colour control, while the marker on chromosome 17 may be indicative of the presence of a minor gene still to be discovered.
Thirdly, molecular characterization of genotypes S was performed, which allowed the identification of S alleles of four pear selections, used as parents, as well as 148 individuals from three families derived from their crosses. This S genotyping also allowed the prediction of one of the alleles of two selections `20-317' and 'NJ10', and five varieties, 'Carrick', 'Graber', 'Gorham', 'Peter Barry' and `Belle Angevine'.
Finally, the analysis of expert panel performance in sensory evaluation of genotypes of pear, when selecting for fruit improvement in terms of consonance, reproducibility and homogeneity of the panel, was conducted. The results indicated that the panel showed a high level of agreement among experts assessing the samples. It was also possible to identify different relationships between sensory attributes and instrumental measurements of fruit quality.
