In this thesis I provided a very detailed description of the anatomy of the acoel Symsagittifera roscoffensis, using recently developed microscopic tools. Less powerful microscopes limited indeed the previous analyses of the morphology and the descriptions of several structures were misinterpretated or insufficient. Since the last decade Acoela are assumed to be the earliest offshoot of Bilateria, and therefore represents an interesting system in the field of Evo-Devo. The later aims to study the evolution of developmental processes by comparing different phyla, for example how Bilateria evolved. For this, the key method is the visualisation of regulator genes in time and space using in situ hybridisation; what requires a solid knowledge of the animals' anatomy. This study covers the accurate analysis of a large panel of morphological characteristics and developmental processes in Symsagittifera roscoffensis.
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