Inter-individual physiological variation in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans
- Autores: Marcos Francisco Perez
- Directores de la Tesis: Benjamin Lehner (dir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Pompeu Fabra ( España ) en 2018
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Rene Ketting (presid.), Nicholas Edward Stroustrup (secret.), Christian Brändle (voc.)
- Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina por la Universidad Pompeu Fabra
- Materias:
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- Resumen
La predicción de los rasgos fenotípicos de los individuos, basándose en el conocimiento de la genoma personal, es un proceso clave en el desarrollo de la medicina personalizada. Pero para poder predecir la salud y la fisiología de los individuos, también hace falta conocer los límites predictivas de la secuenciación genómica, y que otros factores, ambientales y ancestrales, pueden influir la salud del individuo.
El nematodo Caenorhabditis elegans es un organismo modelo importante en la biomedicina, debido a su ciclo de vida corto, su transparencia, su fácil cultivación y al desarrollo y la bioquímica conservado entre estos gusanos y los humanos. Los gusanos hermafroditas producen progenie genéticamente idéntica, y por tanto se hace posible el estudio de la variación fisiológica restante en poblaciones grandes de individuos que son idénticos genéticamente. El propósito el tesis es desentrañar las causas de la variación fisiológico en poblaciones isogénicas, para mejor predecir la fisiología individual.
El tesis tiene tres partes. En la introducción, se encuentra un resumen de las maneras y los mecanismos por los cuales el ambiente experimentado por los padres de un individuo puede influir su fisiología. También se encuentra una introducción al complejo lipoproteínico que resulta ser muy importante en la generación de la variación fisiológica observada en C. elegans, la vitelogenina o yema.
En la segunda parte, se encuentran los resultados experimentales del estudio. Descubrí que una causa muy importante de la variación fisiológica entre individuos se debe a la edad de la madre de un individuo, siendo los hijos de las madres más jóvenes peor en muchos respetos y durante toda su vida, cómo la velocidad del desarrollo y la fecundidad. El mecanismo es un aumento con la edad de la madre en la cantidad de vitolegenina, la fuente mayor de nutrientes para el embrión en desarrollo, y por tanto la provisión de nutrientes a los embriones.
En la tercera parte se habla de las implicaciones de los resultados del estudio.
Resumen de la tesis:
Por causas desconocidas, animales idénticos genéticamente suelen variar sustancialmente en sus rasgos fenotípicos, aunque el ambiente en el que habiten sea el mismo. Aquí investigo las causas de variación fisiológica entre individuos utilizando un organismo modelo, el nematodo Caenorhabditis elegans. Nematodos isogénicos varían en su tamaño al nacer, en su velocidad de crecimiento y desarrollo, en su resistencia a la privación de alimento y en su fecundidad. Muestro que muchas de estas variaciones se deben a la edad de la madre del individuo, con las madres jóvenes engendrando a progenie peor en muchos respetos. Para muchos rasgos fenotípicos, el mecanismo molecular subyacente es un aumento progresivo con la edad de la madre de la provisión de un complejo lipoproteínico, yema/vitelogenina, a los embriones. Ecológicamente, es probable que la producción de progenie inferior por parte de las madres jóvenes esté compensada por la ventaja opuesta de tener un tiempo generacional corto. Los resultados presentados destacan los cambios en la provisión maternal de recursos a los embriones como una fuente significativa de variación fenotípica a lo largo de la vida de un animal.
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