Resumen de La autoficción especular y la identidad ficcional del autor: figuración del yo en la última narrativa venezolana

Javier Ignacio Alarcón Bermejo

• español

  El objetivo central de la investigación es estudiar la autoficción aplicando las nociones desarrolladas por Vincent Colonna a propósito de la especularidad (Colonna 2004). Nos interesa, pues, entender hasta qué punto recursos como la metalepsis o la mise en abyme, cuya función es explicitar la ruptura de los límites ontológicos entre lo real y la ficción, concitan la autorrepresentación del autor. En este sentido, se hace imprescindible revisar las en torno a los recursos metafictivos llevados a cabo por Dällenbach (1977) y Genette (2004), entre otros, sobre los conceptos de mise en abyme y de metalepsis. De igual modo, se impone confrontar todos estos conceptos con las reflexiones de los teóricos de la autoficción, como Doubrovsky, Darrieusecq (1997), Alberca (2007) y Gasparini (2004, 2008), entre otros.

  Este estudio no se limita a una perspectiva exclusivamente teórica. Por el contrario, resulta imprescindible confrontar las nociones teóricas con ficciones que las implementen. La reciente literatura venezolana proporciona un corpus efectivo para desarrollar esta tarea. Autores como Ángel Gustavo Infante (1992, 2006), Rodrigo Blanco Calderón (2006, 2007, 2011, 2016), Enza García Arreaza (2007, 2011), Norberto José Olivar (2005, 2009 y 2011), Miguel Hidalgo (2012) y Domingo Michelli (2014), entre otros, han desarrollado propuestas literarias que responden a las categorías que analizamos en la parte teórica de nuestra tesis, al haber escrito obras cuyo carácter autoficcional se funda en mecanismos metaficcionales y especulares.

• English

  The main object of this investigation is to study the concept of autofiction applying the notions proposed by Vincent Colonna about specularity or self-reflexivity. We aim to understand to what extend metafictional mechanisms like metalepsis or mise en abyme, which question and defy the ontological limits that separate reality and fiction, built the self-representation of the author inside the diegesis. In this sense, it becomes unavoidable to analyze the notions of “specular autofiction” (Colonna 2004), as well as the different approaches to the metafictional mechanisms taken by Dällenbach (1977) and Genette (2004), among others. Specifically, is necessary to study the notions of mise en abyme and metalepsis developed by these authors. Also, is important to confront this concepts with the theories about autofiction of authors like Doubrovsky, Darrieusecq (1997), Alberca (1998, 2007) and Gasparini (2004, 2008 y 2016), among others.

  Therefore, the relevance of notions related to all this terms become clear. On the one hand, concepts like “self-referentiality” and “literary postmodernism” (Hutcheon 1980, 1988; Waugh, 1984), always associated to the function-author and the literary posture (Foucault, 1968; Meizoz, 2007). On the other, the importance of notions likes “irony” (Hutcheon, 1992; Ballart, 1994) and “parody” (Hutcheon, 1985).

  Nevertheless, this study is not narrow to a theoretical perspective. On the contrary, it becomes essential to confront these abstract notions with fictions that implement them. Recent Venezuelan literature provides an effective corpus to develop this task. Due to a tradition of metafictional literature and the influence of Europeans and Latin-American autofictional texts, the last three decades there have been a proliferation of autoficition in the South-American country. Authors like Ángel Gustavo Infante (1992, 2006), Rodrigo Blanco Calderón (2006, 2007,2011, 2016), Enza García Arreaza (2007, 2011), Norberto José Olivar (2005, 2009, 2011), Miguel Hidalgo (2012) and Domingo Michelli (2014), among others, have been developing literary projects that can be understand from the categories that we analyze in the theoretical part of this thesis. In other words, they have write autofictions that build their self-referentiality through metafictional and specular mechanisms.