Habitar el casco antiguo: el uso residencial como modo de conservación contemporáneo
- Autores: Andrea Paulina Ordóñez León
- Directores de la Tesis: Francisco Peremiquel Lluch (dir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2018
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Joaquim Español Llorens (presid.), Miguel Ángel Fernández González (secret.), Mirela Fiori (voc.)
- Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Urbanismo por la Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya
- Materias:
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- Resumen
The Historic Center in the contemporary city is a place that objectively and subjectively contains a local representation and at the same time it is a global place immersed in a tourist network of historic cities. The “monumentalist” vision that predominates in these territories has produced an object of worship and desire, which, although it is continuously rehabilitated, remains a problematic place to live. The historic center, which has become a global product where urban functions are increasingly simplified, provokes the expulsion of its residents, undermining the primal function of the city. In this context, it is affirmed that the old part of the contemporary metropolis is a “new place” that deserves a discussion of its sense, representation and future.
The thesis makes a historical synthesis from the Renaissance to the present that explains where the idea of an historic city comes from and how the need to preserve, typical of the Western culture has transcended in urban theories and guidelines. A reflection about the project ideas in terms of residence and housing in the old center surroundings, from Modernity to the present, allows identifying the emerging strategy to recover the functional equilibrium. The review reveals that the constant challenge of urban culture to adapt the residence to parameters of functionality, comfort and efficiency faced with the preservacionist vision, has resulted in new approaches to preserve the historic center propitiating and recovering residential use.
Understanding the ideas, approaches and ways to return to the primal function of the city, requires a review of the fragment and the urban project´s scale. From this perspective, we observe the historic centers of Quito, Lisbon and Barcelona, that have processes of physical degradation and population loss that began to be faced in the 80s, recognizing the need to recover residential use. The synthesis of the strategies and forms of development in this cities, in terms of residence and housing, show that the preservation, recovery and insertion has evolved accepting the transformation. In the contemporaneity it is projected with performances of diverse scale that modify the functional and typological logic of the old buildings and fabrics.
Understanding what is meant to live in the contemporary old city center involves making several readings, abstract the phenomena, circumstances and notions of the inhabited part of these complex environments with a tolerant and open perspective. These abstractions allow to make a double reading of Ciutat Vella: one that uses an open methodology that undoes the rigidity of the theoretical framework , identifies, maps and describes the inhabited space, and the second, that evidences the zones and points of urban tensions in relation to the current urban regulations that contain accentuated preservationist precepts. It is evident that the actions in Ciutat Vella have contributed to keeping it inhabited, however important urban tensions persist, and in the new mercantile sense that this fragment has acquired the residential use has become into dangerously restrictive and selective forms. These readings distinguish the emergent aspects and future challenges of Ciutat Vella and other ancient urban environments, such as fully urban, complex, diverse and sustainable places.
Finally, a synthesis is presented, which reflects on the sense and representation of the contemporary historic center. Tangible and intangible attributes as referents of the future of a Renewable and Sustainable Preservation in which uses, relations and inhabitants have as much or greater value than materiality.
