Ungulates have become a major component of many different ecological systems. They are currently of enormous socio-economic and environmental importance throughout Europe. Therefore complete management plans are essential and need to consider the complexity of elements and interactions which affect the wild ungulate ecosystems. For this reason, in order to identify optimal strategies for the management and conservation of wild populations and their ecosystems, it is now crucial to understand the biological, ecological, evolutionary and socio-economic factors that influence such ungulate populations. In this thesis, the general objective is to provide new information on wild ungulate population dynamics, the environment influence in their ecology and the evolutionary consequences of individual success and, therefore, to enable optimal strategies for the management and conservation of wild ungulate populations to be identified. Particularly, we focus on three main complementar!
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