Respuesta cognitiva y hedónica a la ingesta
- Autores: Teodora Pribic
- Directores de la Tesis: Fernando Azpiroz Vidaur (dir. tes.), Deborah Pareto Onghena (codir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ( España ) en 2017
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Vicent Fonollosa Pla (presid.), Esteban Saperas Franch (secret.), Lukas Van Oudenhove (voc.)
- Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Medicina por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
- Materias:
- Enlaces
- Tesis en acceso abierto en: TESEO
- Resumen
The biological response to a meal, considered as a whole, includes physiological changes, primarily the digestive process, and a sensory experience, involving homeostatic sensations (satiety, fullness) with a hedonic dimension (gustation, satisfaction, mood). The postprandial experience depends on the characteristics of the meal as well as on the responsiveness of the subject, which can be influenced by a large variety of conditioning factors. The responses to a meal include a series of events before, during and after ingestion. Our first aim was to establish the relation between postprandial perception and brain activity. Brain responses were measured through functional magnetic resonance and resting-state paradigm and perception by analogue scales. Following meal ingestion, a significant reduction in connectivity was observed within several brain regions including ventral thalamus and a number of sensorimotor cortical brain networks. Furthermore, meal ingestion significantly decreased functional inter-network connectivity of the anterior insula, but increased the inter-network connectivity of thalamus, with several other cortical regions. These changes were related to the changes in subjective perceptions: a decrease in insula-ACC/mOFC connectivity was related to an increase in satiety, fullness, and digestive well-being; a decrease in thalamus-caudate connectivity was associated with a smaller increase in satiety; and an increase in thalamus-S2 connectivity was related to a smaller increase in fullness. Hence, perceptual and emotional responses to food intake are related to brain connectivity in defined functional networks in conjunction with resting-state paradigm. Our second aim was to determine the effect of appetite on the postprandial experience. Using a cross-over design we demonstrated that, as compared to a low-calorie breakfast, a high-calorie breakfast, that reduced appetite, influenced the responses to a subsequent meal: it increased satiety and fullness, but reduced postprandial satisfaction after a palatable comfort meal. Hence, appetite modulation by preload conditioning has differential effects on the cognitive and emotive responses to a meal. Our third aim was to determine the effects of education on the postprandial experience. In a randomized parallel design, a sensory-cognitive educational intervention (taste recognition tests) enhanced, not only the hedonic postprandial experience, but also homeostatic sensations, whereas sham education had no effect. Since homeostatic and hedonic responses are dissociable, education might be tailored to target different conditions. By a series of proof-of-concept studies the present work opens an area of research on the factors that determine the biological responses to meal ingestion. This information may be applicable to public health strategies and dietary planning in the management of obesity, eating disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunctions.
