• Situaciones reales de uso del arma de fuego: resultados de un estudio para la formación policial
• Real situations of firearm use: results of a study for police training

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Las actuaciones de los agentes de policía en enfrentamientos armados con situaciones de riesgo racionalmente grave para la vida son una evidencia empírica. Este tipo de intervenciones acostumbran a tener una complejidad y una resonancia que repercuten de manera relevante en diferentes aspectos. Con el presente estudio se quiere profundizar en las actuaciones policiales en que los agentes de policía tienen que hacer uso del arma de fuego, desde una amplia perspectiva que empieza en el momento en que una persona decide formar parte de un cuerpo policial, que pasa por un proceso selectivo y recibe una formación inicial como alumno/a en una escuela de policía, y acaba con la posterior formación continuada que debe recibir a lo largo de su trayectoria profesional para enfrentarse con las mejores condiciones de seguridad a las actuaciones en que tiene que utilizar su arma de fuego, tanto desde una perspectiva física y mental como jurídica.

Les actuacions dels agents de policia en enfrontaments armats amb situacions de risc racionalment greu per a la vida són una evidència empírica. Aquest tipus d’intervencions acostumen a tenir una complexitat i un ressò que repercuteixen de manera rellevant en diferents aspectes. Amb el present estudi es vol aprofundir en les actuacions policials en què els agents de policia han de fer ús de l’arma de foc, des d’una àmplia perspectiva que comença en el moment en què una persona decideix formar part d’un cos policial, que passa per un procés selectiu i rep una formació inicial com a alumne/a en una escola de policia, i acaba amb la posterior formació continuada que ha de rebre al llarg de la seva trajectòria professional per enfrontar-se amb les millors condicions de seguretat a les actuacions en què ha d’utilitzar la seva arma de foc, tant des d’una perspectiva física i mental com jurídica.

Police officers’ actions in which they have had to use firearms have significant implications, both professionally and personally, as well as an important social impact. The initiative of this study is to analyse real cases of firearm use during police interventions in armed confrontations, with serious life-threatening situations, to consider current training in this area and to propose future lines of action. The Institute for Public Security of Catalonia continuously looks to improve the various annual training sessions and, obviously, the training on the matter in hand. Thus, one of the aims of the Institute is to promote research into the various areas of safety, with the participation of experts and professionals from different disciplines to provide new knowledge and favour innovation in training. This study has been carried out over two years by a multidisciplinary group of professionals comprising members of the Catalan Government Police-Mossos d’Esquadra and specialists from the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Institute for Public Security of Catalonia, who have gathered the information and shared the results from different perspectives: those of training, legal and police intervention. For this purpose, they have used the individual testimony of police officers who have experienced situations of extreme use of force whilst performing their duties, who have explained their cases and made this work possible. For these reasons, and due to the importance of training in these cases, it has been deemed essential to disseminate the results of this study, particularly to shooting monitors and instructors and police procedure trainers, as they are commissioned with training our police officers. One of the first education activities was the Workshop organised at the Institute on 15 September 2016, in which three experts and authors of reference for this study took part and three Catalan Government Police-Mossos d’Esquadra police officers told of their experiences, representing all their colleagues who took part in the study. Another action is the publication of this work as the fourth edition in our “Safety Segments” collection, hoping it will be well received and a useful tool. I would like to thank the great ability and work of the authors of this study and, in particular, the invaluable participation of those who, voluntarily and generously, have passed on their experience with the conviction that it could help raise awareness among their colleagues, improve knowledge of these exceptional cases and, finally, have an impact on police training.